# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from __future__ import division, print_function
import sys
import aenum
import doctest
import os
import shutil
import tempfile
import textwrap
import unittest
import uuid
import warnings
from aenum import EnumType, EnumMeta, Enum, IntEnum, StrEnum, LowerStrEnum, UpperStrEnum
from aenum import AutoNumberEnum, MultiValueEnum, OrderedEnum, UniqueEnum, AddValueEnum, Flag, IntFlag
from aenum import NamedTuple, TupleSize, NamedConstant, constant, NoAlias, AddValue, Unique
from aenum import STRICT, CONFORM, EJECT, KEEP
from aenum import _reduce_ex_by_name, unique, skip, extend_enum, auto, enum, MultiValue, member, nonmember, no_arg
from aenum import basestring, baseinteger, unicode, enum_property
from aenum import pyver, PY2, PY3, PY2_6, PY3_3, PY3_4, PY3_5, PY3_6, PY3_11
from collections import OrderedDict
from datetime import timedelta
from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
from operator import or_ as _or_, and_ as _and_, xor as _xor_, inv as _inv_
from operator import abs as _abs_, add as _add_, floordiv as _floordiv_
from operator import lshift as _lshift_, rshift as _rshift_, mod as _mod_
from operator import mul as _mul_, neg as _neg_, pos as _pos_, pow as _pow_
from operator import truediv as _truediv_, sub as _sub_
if PY2:
    from operator import div as _div_
try:
    import threading
except ImportError:
    threading = None

try:
    any
except NameError:
    from aenum import any

MODULE = __name__
SHORT_MODULE = MODULE.split('.')[-1]

def load_tests(loader, tests, ignore):
    tests.addTests(doctest.DocTestSuite(aenum))
    tests.addTests(doctest.DocFileSuite(
        'doc/aenum.rst',
        package=aenum,
        optionflags=doctest.ELLIPSIS|doctest.NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE,
        ))
    return tests

class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        regex = getattr(self, 'assertRaisesRegex', None)
        if regex is None:
            self.assertRaisesRegex = getattr(self, 'assertRaisesRegexp')
        super(TestCase, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)


# for pickle tests
try:
    class Stooges(Enum):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception:
    Stooges = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class IntStooges(int, Enum):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception:
    IntStooges = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class FloatStooges(float, Enum):
        LARRY = 1.39
        CURLY = 2.72
        MOE = 3.142596
except Exception:
    FloatStooges = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class FlagStooges(Flag):
        LARRY = 1
        CURLY = 2
        MOE = 3
except Exception as exc:
    FlagStooges = exc

try:
    LifeForm = NamedTuple('LifeForm', 'branch genus species', module=__name__)
except Exception:
    LifeForm = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class DeathForm(NamedTuple):
        color = 0
        rigidity = 1
        odor = 2
except Exception:
    DeathForm = sys.exc_info()[1]

# for pickle test and subclass tests
try:
    class Name(StrEnum):
        BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum'
        FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw'
except Exception:
    Name = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__)
except Exception:
    Question = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because')
except Exception:
    Answer = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    Theory = Enum('Theory', 'rule law supposition', qualname='spanish_inquisition')
except Exception:
    Theory = sys.exc_info()[1]

try:
    class WhatsIt(NamedTuple):
        def what(self):
            return self[0]
    class ThatsIt(WhatsIt):
        blah = 0
        bleh = 1
except Exception:
    ThatsIt = sys.exc_info()[1]

# for doctests
try:
    class Fruit(Enum):
        tomato = 1
        banana = 2
        cherry = 3
except Exception:
    pass

def test_pickle_dump_load(assertion, source, target=None, protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
    start, stop = protocol
    failures = []
    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
        try:
            if target is None:
                assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), source)
            else:
                assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), target)
        except Exception:
            exc, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:]
            failures.append('%2d: %s' %(protocol, exc))
    if failures:
        raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures))

def test_pickle_exception(assertion, exception, obj,
        protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
    start, stop = protocol
    failures = []
    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
        try:
            assertion(exception, dumps, obj, protocol=protocol)
        except Exception:
            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            failures.append('%d: %s %s' % (protocol, exc.__class__.__name__, exc))
    if failures:
        raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures))

if PY3:
    from aenum.test_v3 import TestEnumV3, TestOrderV3, TestNamedTupleV3, TestStackoverflowAnswersV3, TestIssuesV3, TestExtendEnumV3
    from aenum import test_v3
    test_v3.IntStooges = IntStooges
    test_v3.test_pickle_exception = test_pickle_exception
    test_v3.test_pickle_dump_load = test_pickle_dump_load

# for subclassing tests

class classproperty(object):

    def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
        self.fget = fget
        self.fset = fset
        self.fdel = fdel
        if doc is None and fget is not None:
            doc = fget.__doc__
        self.__doc__ = doc

    def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass):
        return self.fget(ownerclass)


# tests
class TestOrder(TestCase):
    """
    Test _order_ extra/missing members.
    """

    def test_same_members(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3

    def test_same_members_with_aliases(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            verde = green

    def test_order_has_extra_members(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue purple'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3

    def test_order_has_extra_members_with_aliases(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue purple'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                verde = green

    def test_enum_has_extra_members(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                purple = 4

    def test_enum_has_extra_members_with_aliases(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Enum):
                _order_ = 'red green blue'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                purple = 4
                verde = green

    def test_same_members_flag(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 4

    def test_same_members_with_aliases_flag(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 4
            verde = green

    def test_order_has_extra_members_flag(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Flag):
                _order_ = 'red green blue purple'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 4

    def test_order_has_extra_members_with_aliases_flag(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Flag):
                _order_ = 'red green blue purple'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 4
                verde = green

    def test_enum_has_extra_members_flag(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Flag):
                _order_ = 'red green blue'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 4
                purple = 8

    def test_enum_has_extra_members_with_aliases_flag(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'member order does not match _order_'):
            class Color(Flag):
                _order_ = 'red green blue'
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 4
                purple = 8
                verde = green


class TestAutoValue(TestCase):

    def test_bare(self):
        #
        class BareEnum(Enum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(BareEnum.THREE.value, 3)
        #
        class BareIntEnum(IntEnum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(BareIntEnum.THREE, 3)
        #
        class BareFlag(Flag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(BareFlag.THREE.value, 4)
        #
        class BareIntFlag(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(BareIntFlag.THREE, 4)

    def test_init_only_final(self):
        #
        class InitEnumValue(Enum):
            _init_ = 'value description'
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitEnumValue.THREE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitEnumValue.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        class InitEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = 'value description'
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitEnum.THREE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        class InitIntEnum(IntEnum):
            _init_ = 'value description'
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitIntEnum.THREE, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitIntEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        class InitFlag(Flag):
            _init_ = 'value description'
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitFlag.THREE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        class InitIntFlag(IntFlag):
            _init_ = 'value description'
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitIntFlag.THREE, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitIntFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')

    def test_init_only_inherit(self):
        #
        class InitInheritEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = 'value description'
        #
        class InitEnum(InitInheritEnum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitEnum.THREE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        #
        class InitInheritValueEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = 'value description'
        #
        class InitEnum(InitInheritValueEnum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitEnum.THREE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        class InitIntEnum(int, InitInheritValueEnum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitIntEnum.THREE, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitIntEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        class InitInheritValueFlag(Flag):
            _init_ = 'value description'
        #
        class InitFlag(InitInheritValueFlag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitFlag.THREE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        #
        class InitIntFlag(int, InitInheritValueFlag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitIntFlag.THREE, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitIntFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')

    def test_new_only_final(self):
        #
        class NewFinalEnum(Enum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'NFE1'
                return member
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalEnum.THREE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalEnum.TWO.proof, 'NFE1')
        #
        class NewFinalIntEnum(IntEnum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value):
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'NFE2'
                return member
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntEnum.THREE, 3)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntEnum.TWO.proof, 'NFE2')
        #
        class NewFinalFlag(Flag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'NFE3'
                return member
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalFlag.THREE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalFlag.TWO.proof, 'NFE3')
        #
        class NewFinalIntFlag(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value):
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'NFE4'
                return member
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntFlag.THREE, 4)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntFlag.TWO.proof, 'NFE4')
        #
        class NewFinalStrEnum(str, Enum):
            #
            _order_ = "AllReset Bright FG_Cyan BG_Black"
            #
            def __new__(cls, value, code, description):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                obj.description = description
                return obj
            #
            __str__ = str.__str__
            #
            AllReset = '0', 'reset all (colors and brightness)'
            Bright = '1', 'bright lights!'
            FG_Cyan = '36', 'cyan'
            BG_Black = '40', 'black'
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrEnum.FG_Cyan.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrEnum.BG_Black.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrEnum.AllReset.code, '0')
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrEnum.Bright.description, 'bright lights!')
        #
        class NewFinalStrFlag(str, Flag):
            #
            _order_ = "AllReset Bright FG_Cyan BG_Black"
            #
            def __new__(cls, value, code, description):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                obj.description = description
                return obj
            #
            __str__ = str.__str__
            #
            AllReset = '0', 'reset all (colors and brightness)'
            Bright = '1', 'bright lights!'
            FG_Cyan = '36', 'cyan'
            BG_Black = '40', 'black'
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrFlag.FG_Cyan.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrFlag.BG_Black.value, 8)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrFlag.AllReset.code, '0')
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalStrFlag.Bright.description, 'bright lights!')

    def test_new_only_inherited(self):
        #
        class NewInheritEnum(Enum):
            def __new__(cls, value):
                if cls._member_type_ is int:
                    member = int.__new__(cls, value*2)
                else:
                    member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value * 2
                member.proof = 'NIE'
                return member
        #
        class NewFinalEnum(NewInheritEnum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalEnum.THREE.value, 6)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalEnum.TWO.proof, 'NIE')
        #
        class NewFinalIntEnum(int, NewInheritEnum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntEnum.THREE, 6)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntEnum.TWO.proof, 'NIE')
        #
        class NewInheritFlag(Flag):
            def __new__(cls, value):
                if cls._member_type_ is int:
                    member = int.__new__(cls, value*2)
                else:
                    member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value * 2
                member.proof = 'NIE'
                return member
        #
        class NewFinalFlag(NewInheritFlag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalFlag.THREE.value, 8)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalFlag.TWO.proof, 'NIE')
        #
        class NewFinalIntFlag(int, NewInheritFlag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntFlag.THREE, 8)
        self.assertEqual(NewFinalIntFlag.TWO.proof, 'NIE')

    def test_init_new_only(self):
        #
        class InitNewEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = "value description"
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'INE1'
                return member
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewEnum.THREE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewEnum.TWO.proof, 'INE1')
        #
        class InitNewIntEnum(IntEnum):
            _init_ = "value description"
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'INE2'
                return member
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntEnum.THREE, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntEnum.TWO.proof, 'INE2')
        #
        class InitNewFlag(Flag):
            _init_ = "value description"
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'INE3'
                return member
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewFlag.THREE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewFlag.TWO.proof, 'INE3')
        #
        class InitNewIntFlag(IntFlag):
            _init_ = "value description"
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'INE4'
                return member
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntFlag.THREE, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntFlag.TWO.proof, 'INE4')

    def test_init_new_inherit(self):
        #
        class InitNew(Enum):
            _init_ = "value description"
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'IN'
                return member
        #
        class InitNewEnum(InitNew):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewEnum.THREE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewEnum.TWO.proof, 'IN')
        #
        class InitNewInt(Enum):
            _init_ = "value description"
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'IN'
                return member
        #
        class InitNewIntEnum(int, InitNewInt):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntEnum.THREE, 3)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntEnum.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntEnum.TWO.proof, 'IN')
        #
        class InitNewFlagBase(Flag):
            _init_ = "value description"
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'IN'
                return member
        #
        class InitNewFlag(InitNewFlagBase):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewFlag.THREE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewFlag.TWO.proof, 'IN')
        #
        class InitNewIntFlagBase(int, Flag):
            _init_ = "value description"
            def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                member._value_ = value
                member.proof = 'IN'
                return member
        #
        class InitNewIntFlag(InitNewIntFlagBase):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE'
            ONE = 'the loneliest number'
            TWO = 'the number with you'
            THREE = 'a triangle'
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntFlag.THREE, 4)
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntFlag.THREE.description, 'a triangle')
        self.assertEqual(InitNewIntFlag.TWO.proof, 'IN')


class TestHelpers(TestCase):
    # _is_descriptor, _is_sunder, _is_dunder

    def test_is_descriptor(self):
        class foo:
            pass
        for attr in ('__get__','__set__','__delete__'):
            obj = foo()
            self.assertFalse(aenum._is_descriptor(obj))
            setattr(obj, attr, 1)
            self.assertTrue(aenum._is_descriptor(obj))

    def test_is_sunder(self):
        for s in ('_a_', '_aa_'):
            self.assertTrue(aenum._is_sunder(s))

        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '__a__', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
            self.assertFalse(aenum._is_sunder(s))

    def test_is_dunder(self):
        for s in ('__a__', '__aa__'):
            self.assertTrue(aenum._is_dunder(s))
        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '_a_', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
            self.assertFalse(aenum._is_dunder(s))

    def test_auto(self):
        def tester(first, op, final, second=None):
            if second is None:
                left = auto()
                value = op(left)
                left.value = first
                self.assertEqual(value.value, final,
                        "%s %r -> %r != %r" % (op.__name__, first, value, final))
            else:
                left = first
                right = auto()
                value = op(left, right)
                right.value = second
                self.assertEqual(value.value, final,
                        "forward: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (first, op.__name__, second, value.value, final))
                left = auto()
                right = second
                value = op(left, right)
                left.value = first
                self.assertEqual(value.value, final,
                        "reversed: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (second, op.__name__, first, value.value, final))
        for args in (
                (1, _abs_, abs(1)),
                (-3, _abs_, abs(-3)),
                (1, _add_, 1+2, 2),
                (25, _floordiv_, 25 // 5, 5),
                (49, _truediv_, 49 / 9, 9),
                (6, _mod_, 6 % 9, 9),
                (5, _lshift_, 5 << 2, 2),
                (5, _rshift_, 5 >> 2, 2),
                (3, _mul_, 3 * 6, 6),
                (5, _neg_, -5),
                (-4, _pos_, +(-4)),
                (2, _pow_, 2**5, 5),
                (7, _sub_, 7 - 10, 10),
                (1, _or_, 1 | 2, 2),
                (3, _xor_, 3 ^ 6, 6),
                (3, _and_, 3 & 6, 6),
                (7, _inv_, ~7),
                ('a', _add_, 'a'+'b', 'b'),
                ('a', _mul_, 'a' * 3, 3),
                ):
            tester(*args)
        # operator.div is gone in 3
        if PY2:
            tester(12, _div_, 12 // 5, 5)
        # strings are a pain
        left = auto()
        right = 'eggs'
        value = _mod_(left, right)
        left.value = 'I see 17 %s!'
        self.assertEqual(value.value, 'I see 17 %s!' % 'eggs')

    def test_constant(self):
        errors = []
        def tester(first, op, final, second=None):
            if second is None:
                primary = constant(first)
                secondary = constant(op(primary))
                if secondary.value != final:
                    errors.append(
                        "%s %r -> %r != %r" % (op.__name__, first, secondary.value, final),
                        )
            else:
                left = constant(first)
                right = second
                value = op(left, right)
                if value != final:
                    errors.append(
                        "forward: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (first, op.__name__, second, value, final),
                        )
                left = first
                right = constant(second)
                value = op(left, right)
                if value != final:
                    errors.append(
                        "reversed: %r %s %r -> %r != %r" % (second, op.__name__, first, value, final),
                        )
        for args in (
                (1, _abs_, abs(1)),
                (-3, _abs_, abs(-3)),
                (1, _add_, 1+2, 2),
                (25, _floordiv_, 25 // 5, 5),
                (49, _truediv_, 49 / 9, 9),
                (6, _mod_, 6 % 9, 9),
                (5, _lshift_, 5 << 2, 2),
                (5, _rshift_, 5 >> 2, 2),
                (3, _mul_, 3 * 6, 6),
                (5, _neg_, -5),
                (-4, _pos_, +(-4)),
                (2, _pow_, 2**5, 5),
                (7, _sub_, 7 - 10, 10),
                (1, _or_, 1 | 2, 2),
                (3, _xor_, 3 ^ 6, 6),
                (3, _and_, 3 & 6, 6),
                (7, _inv_, ~7),
                ('a', _add_, 'a'+'b', 'b'),
                ('a', _mul_, 'a' * 3, 3),
                ):
            tester(*args)
        # operator.div is gone in 3
        if PY2:
            tester(12, _div_, 12 // 5, 5)
        # strings are a pain
        left = constant('I see 17 %s!')
        right = 'eggs'
        value = _mod_(left, right)
        if value != 'I see 17 %s!' % 'eggs':
            errors.append("'I see 17 eggs!' != %r" % value)
        if errors:
            print()
            for error in errors:
                print(error)
            self.assertTrue(False)


class TestEnumType(TestCase):

    def test_immutability(self):
        class Hah(object):
            @classproperty
            def all_values(cls):
                return [m.value for m in cls]
        class Huh(Hah, Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 2
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'cannot rebind property', setattr, Huh, 'value', 'boom')
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'cannot delete property', delattr, Huh, 'value')
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'cannot set attribute', setattr, Huh.one, 'value', 'boom')
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'cannot delete attribute', delattr, Huh.two, 'value')
        self.assertEqual(Huh.one.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.two.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.all_values, [1, 2])
        setattr(Huh, 'all_values', 99)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.all_values, 99)

    def test_enum_shadow_base(self):
        class hohum(object):
            def cyan(self):
                "cyanize a color"
                return self.value * 'cyan'
            @property
            def azure(self):
                return 'azure ' + self.name
        class Color(hohum, Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            cyan = 4
            azure = 5
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 5)
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue, Color.cyan, Color.azure])
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, 'no attribute .cyan.', lambda: Color.blue.cyan)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.azure, 'azure red')


class TestEnum(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            SPRING = 1
            SUMMER = 2
            AUTUMN = 3
            WINTER = 4
        self.Season = Season

        class Konstants(float, Enum):
            E = 2.7182818
            PI = 3.1415926
            TAU = 2 * PI
        self.Konstants = Konstants

        class Grades(IntEnum):
            A = 5
            B = 4
            C = 3
            D = 2
            F = 0
        self.Grades = Grades

        class Directional(str, Enum):
            EAST = 'east'
            WEST = 'west'
            NORTH = 'north'
            SOUTH = 'south'
        self.Directional = Directional

        from datetime import date
        class Holiday(date, Enum):
            NEW_YEAR = 2013, 1, 1
            IDES_OF_MARCH = 2013, 3, 15
        self.Holiday = Holiday

    def test_set_name(self):
        class Descriptor(object):
            name = None
            def __get__(self, instance, owner_class=None):
                if instance is None:
                    return self
                else:
                    return instance.__dict__[self.name]
            def __set__(self, instance, value):
                instance.__dict__[self.name] = value
            def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
                self.name = name
        #
        class AnEnum(Enum):
            ONE = 'one'
            two = Descriptor()
        #
        self.assertEqual(list(AnEnum), [AnEnum.ONE])
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.two.name, 'two')
        AnEnum.ONE.two = 'three'
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.two, 'three')
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.__dict__['two'], 'three')

    def test_private_names(self):
        class Private(Enum):
            __corporal = 'Radar'
            __major_ = 'Hoolihan'
        self.assertEqual(len(Private), 0)
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__corporal, 'Radar')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__corporal, Enum))
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__major_, 'Hoolihan')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__major_, Enum))

    def test_new_with_keywords(self):
        class Huh(IntEnum):
            __order__ = 'PLAIN BOLD_ITALIC HIGHLIGHT'
            def __new__(cls, docstring, open=None, close=None):
                value = len(cls.__members__)
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                if open and close is None:
                    close = open
                member.open = open
                member.close = close
                member.__doc__ = docstring
                member._value_ = value
                return member
            PLAIN           = 'normal'
            BOLD_ITALIC     = '***really super important***', '***'
            HIGHLIGHT       = 'please ==take notice==', '==', '=='
        p = Huh.PLAIN
        self.assertTrue(type(p) is Huh, type(p))
        self.assertEqual(
                (p.value, p.__doc__, p.open, p.close),
                (0, 'normal', None, None),
                )
        bi = Huh.BOLD_ITALIC
        self.assertEqual(
                (bi.value, bi.__doc__, bi.open, bi.close),
                (1, '***really super important***', '***', '***'),
                )
        h = Huh.HIGHLIGHT
        self.assertEqual(
                (h.value, h.__doc__, h.open, h.close),
                (2, 'please ==take notice==', '==', '=='),
                )

    def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_ordered(self):
        class Ordered(Enum):
            __order__ = 'first second third'
            first = 'bippity'
            second = 'boppity'
            third = 'boo'
        self.assertTrue(type(Ordered.__members__) is OrderedDict)

    def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_not_ordered(self):
        class Unordered(Enum):
            this = 'that'
            these = 'those'
        self.assertTrue(type(Unordered.__members__) is OrderedDict)

    def test_enum_in_enum_out(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertTrue(Season(Season.WINTER) is Season.WINTER)

    def test_enum_value(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)

    def test_intenum_value(self):
        self.assertEqual(IntStooges.CURLY.value, 2)

    def test_enum(self):
        Season = self.Season
        lst = list(Season)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Season))
        self.assertEqual(len(Season), 4, Season)
        self.assertEqual(
            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER], lst)

        for i, season in enumerate('SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = Season(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, getattr(Season, season))
            self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, season)
            self.assertTrue(e in Season)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is Season)
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Season))
            self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Season.' + season)
            self.assertEqual(
                    repr(e),
                    '<Season.%s: %s>' % (season, i),
                    )
    def test_enum_helper(self):
        e1 = enum(1, 2, three=9)
        e2 = enum(1, 2, three=9)
        e3 = enum(1, 2, 9)
        self.assertTrue(e1 is not e2)
        self.assertEqual(e1, e2)
        self.assertNotEqual(e1, e3)
        self.assertNotEqual(e2, e3)

    def test_enum_in_enum(self):
        #
        class Level(Enum):
            _order_ = 'DATA_CHECK DESIGN_CHECK ALERT'
            #
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
                member = object.__new__(cls)
                member._value_ = len(cls) + 1  # members are 1-based
                return member
            #
            def __init__(self, prereq=None, dependent=None):
                # create priority level lists
                self.lower_priority_levels = list(self.__class__._member_map_.values())
                self.greater_priority_levels = []
                # update previous members' greater priority list
                for member in self.lower_priority_levels:
                    member.greater_priority_levels.append(self)
                # and save prereq and dependent
                self.prerequisite = prereq and self.__class__[prereq.name] or None
                self.dependent = dependent and self.__class__[dependent.name] or None
            #
            DATA_CHECK = enum()
            DESIGN_CHECK = enum(DATA_CHECK)
            ALERT = enum(None, DATA_CHECK)
        #
        self.assertEqual(Level.DATA_CHECK.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Level.DATA_CHECK.prerequisite, None)
        self.assertEqual(Level.DATA_CHECK.dependent, None)
        self.assertEqual(Level.DESIGN_CHECK.prerequisite, Level.DATA_CHECK)
        self.assertEqual(Level.DESIGN_CHECK.dependent, None)
        self.assertEqual(Level.ALERT.prerequisite, None)
        self.assertEqual(Level.ALERT.dependent, Level.DATA_CHECK)

    def test_value_name(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.name, 'SPRING')
        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
        def set_name(obj, new_value):
            obj.name = new_value
        def set_value(obj, new_value):
            obj.value = new_value
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_name, Season.SPRING, 'invierno', )
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_value, Season.SPRING, 2)

    def test_attribute_deletion(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            SPRING = 1
            SUMMER = 2
            AUTUMN = 3
            WINTER = 4

            def spam(cls):
                pass

        self.assertTrue(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
        del Season.spam
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))

        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'SPRING')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'DRY')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season.SPRING, 'name')

    def test_bool_of_class(self):
        class Empty(Enum):
            pass
        self.assertTrue(bool(Empty))

    def test_bool_of_member(self):
        class Count(Enum):
            zero = 0
            one = 1
            two = 2
        for member in Count:
            self.assertTrue(bool(member))

    def test_invalid_names(self):
        def create_bad_class_1():
            class Wrong(Enum):
                mro = 9
        def create_bad_class_2():
            class Wrong(Enum):
                _reserved_ = 3
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_2)

    def test_bool(self):
        class Logic(Enum):
            true = True
            false = False
            def __bool__(self):
                return bool(self.value)
            __nonzero__ = __bool__
        self.assertTrue(Logic.true)
        self.assertFalse(Logic.false)

    def test_contains(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'AUTUMN' in Season)
        self.assertTrue(Season.AUTUMN in Season)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 3 not in Season)
        val = Season(3)
        self.assertTrue(val in Season)
        #
        class OtherEnum(Enum):
            one = 1; two = 2
        self.assertTrue(OtherEnum.two not in Season)
        #
        class Wierd(Enum):
            this = [1, 2, 3]
            that = (1, 2, 3)
            those = {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3}
        self.assertTrue(Wierd.this in Wierd)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: [1, 2, 3] in Wierd)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: {1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3} in Wierd)

    def test_member_contains(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'test' in self.Season.AUTUMN)

    if pyver >= PY2_6:     # when `format` came into being

        def test_format_enum(self):
            Season = self.Season
            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual( '{0:}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                              '{0:}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:^20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:^20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:>20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:>20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
            self.assertEqual('{0:<20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
                             '{0:<20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))

        def test_custom_format(self):
            class TestFloat(float, Enum):
                one = 1.0
                two = 2.0
                def __format__(self, spec):
                    return 'TestFloat success!'
            self.assertEqual(str(TestFloat.one), 'TestFloat.one')
            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(TestFloat.one), 'TestFloat success!')

        def test_format_with_custom_str(self):
            class TestInt(int, Enum):
                one = 1
                two = 2
                def __str__(self):
                    return self.name * 3
            self.assertEqual(str(TestInt.two), 'twotwotwo')
            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(TestInt.two), 'twotwotwo')

        def assertFormatIsValue(self, spec, member):
            self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(member.value))

        def test_format_enum_date(self):
            Holiday = self.Holiday
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m %M:00}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)

        def test_format_enum_float(self):
            Konstants = self.Konstants
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:n}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:5.2}', Konstants.TAU)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:f}', Konstants.TAU)

        def test_format_enum_int(self):
            Grades = self.Grades
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:+}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:08X}', Grades.C)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:b}', Grades.C)

        def test_format_enum_str(self):
            Directional = self.Directional
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Directional.WEST)
            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Directional.WEST)

    def test_hash(self):
        Season = self.Season
        dates = {}
        dates[Season.WINTER] = '1225'
        dates[Season.SPRING] = '0315'
        dates[Season.SUMMER] = '0704'
        dates[Season.AUTUMN] = '1031'
        self.assertEqual(dates[Season.AUTUMN], '1031')

    def test_enum_duplicates(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            __order__ = "SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER"
            SPRING = 1
            SUMMER = 2
            AUTUMN = FALL = 3
            WINTER = 4
            ANOTHER_SPRING = 1
        lst = list(Season)
        self.assertEqual(
            lst,
            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER,
             Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER,
            ])
        self.assertTrue(Season.FALL is Season.AUTUMN)
        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Season.AUTUMN.value, 3)
        self.assertTrue(Season(3) is Season.AUTUMN)
        self.assertTrue(Season(1) is Season.SPRING)
        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.name, 'AUTUMN')
        self.assertEqual(
                set([k for k,v in Season.__members__.items() if v.name != k]),
                set(['FALL', 'ANOTHER_SPRING']),
                )

    def test_enum_with_value_name(self):
        class Huh(Enum):
            _order_ = 'name value'
            name = 1
            value = 2
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Huh),
            [Huh.name, Huh.value],
            )
        self.assertTrue(type(Huh.name) is Huh)
        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name')
        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1)

    def test_intenum_from_scratch(self):
        class phy(int, Enum):
            pi = 3
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_intenum_inherited(self):
        class IntEnum(int, Enum):
            pass
        class phy(IntEnum):
            pi = 3
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_floatenum_from_scratch(self):
        class phy(float, Enum):
            pi = 3.1415926
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_floatenum_inherited(self):
        class FloatEnum(float, Enum):
            pass
        class phy(FloatEnum):
            pi = 3.1415926
            tau = 2 * pi
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_strenum_from_scratch(self):
        class phy(str, Enum):
            pi = 'Pi'
            tau = 'Tau'
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)

    def test_intenum(self):
        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
            SUNDAY = 1
            MONDAY = 2
            TUESDAY = 3
            WEDNESDAY = 4
            THURSDAY = 5
            FRIDAY = 6
            SATURDAY = 7

        self.assertEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'][WeekDay.MONDAY], 'c')
        self.assertEqual([i for i in range(WeekDay.TUESDAY)], [0, 1, 2])

        lst = list(WeekDay)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(WeekDay))
        self.assertEqual(len(WeekDay), 7)
        target = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
        target = target.split()
        for i, weekday in enumerate(target):
            i += 1
            e = WeekDay(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e), i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, weekday)
            self.assertTrue(e in WeekDay)
            self.assertEqual(lst.index(e)+1, i)
            self.assertTrue(0 < e < 8)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is WeekDay)
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Enum))

    def test_intenum_duplicates(self):
        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
            __order__ = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
            SUNDAY = 1
            MONDAY = 2
            TUESDAY = TEUSDAY = 3
            WEDNESDAY = 4
            THURSDAY = 5
            FRIDAY = 6
            SATURDAY = 7
        self.assertTrue(WeekDay.TEUSDAY is WeekDay.TUESDAY)
        self.assertEqual(WeekDay(3).name, 'TUESDAY')
        self.assertEqual([k for k,v in WeekDay.__members__.items()
                if v.name != k], ['TEUSDAY', ])

    def test_floatenum_fromhex(self):
        h = float.hex(FloatStooges.MOE.value)
        self.assertIs(FloatStooges.fromhex(h), FloatStooges.MOE)
        h = float.hex(FloatStooges.MOE.value + 0.01)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            FloatStooges.fromhex(h)

    def test_pickle_enum(self):
        if isinstance(Stooges, Exception):
            raise Stooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges)

    def test_pickle_int(self):
        if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception):
            raise IntStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges)

    def test_pickle_float(self):
        if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception):
            raise FloatStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges.CURLY)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges)

    def test_pickle_enum_function(self):
        if isinstance(Answer, Exception):
            raise Answer
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer.him)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer)

    def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self):
        if isinstance(Question, Exception):
            raise Question
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question.who)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question)

    def test_pickle_by_name(self):
        class ReplaceGlobalInt(IntEnum):
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
        ReplaceGlobalInt.__reduce_ex__ = _reduce_ex_by_name
        for proto in range(HIGHEST_PROTOCOL):
            self.assertEqual(ReplaceGlobalInt.TWO.__reduce_ex__(proto), 'TWO')

    def test_exploding_pickle(self):
        BadPickle = Enum('BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter')
        aenum._make_class_unpicklable(BadPickle)
        globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, BadPickle.dill)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, BadPickle)

    def test_string_enum(self):
        class SkillLevel(str, Enum):
            master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?'
            journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?'
            apprentice = 'knock, knock!'
        self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!')

    def test_getattr_getitem(self):
        class Period(Enum):
            morning = 1
            noon = 2
            evening = 3
            night = 4
        self.assertTrue(Period(2) is Period.noon)
        self.assertTrue(getattr(Period, 'night') is Period.night)
        self.assertTrue(Period['morning'] is Period.morning)

    def test_getattr_dunder(self):
        Season = self.Season
        self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__hash__'))

    def test_iteration_order(self):
        class Season(Enum):
            __order__ = 'SUMMER WINTER AUTUMN SPRING'
            SUMMER = 2
            WINTER = 4
            AUTUMN = 3
            SPRING = 1
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Season),
                [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING],
                )

    def test_iteration_order_reversed(self):
        self.assertEqual(
                list(reversed(self.Season)),
                [self.Season.WINTER, self.Season.AUTUMN, self.Season.SUMMER,
                 self.Season.SPRING]
                )

    def test_iteration_order_with_unorderable_values(self):
        class Complex(Enum):
            a = complex(7, 9)
            b = complex(3.14, 2)
            c = complex(1, -1)
            d = complex(-77, 32)
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Complex),
                [Complex.a, Complex.b, Complex.c, Complex.d],
                )

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', start=10)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 10):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'])
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'], start=20)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 20):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                (('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                dict((('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3)))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        if PY2:
            self.assertEqual(
                    [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                    lst,
                    )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int, start=30)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 30):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass(self):
        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass_with_start(self):
        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', start=40)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 40):
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'))
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_list(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', [unicode('june'), unicode('july'), unicode('august')])
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_iterable(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                ((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_from_unicode_dict(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum(
                'SummerMonth',
                dict(((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3)))
                )
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        if PY2:
            self.assertEqual(
                    [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                    lst,
                    )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_type(self):
        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'), type=int)
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programatic_function_unicode_type_from_subclass(self):
        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'))
        lst = list(SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
        self.assertEqual(
                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                lst,
                )
        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
            i += 1
            e = SummerMonth(i)
            self.assertEqual(e, i)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_programmatic_function_unicode_class(self):
        if PY2:
            class_names = unicode('SummerMonth'), 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth'.decode('latin1')
        else:
            class_names = 'SummerMonth', 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth'
        for i, class_name in enumerate(class_names):
            if PY2 and i == 1:
                self.assertRaises(TypeError, Enum, class_name, unicode('june july august'))
            else:
                SummerMonth = Enum(class_name, unicode('june july august'))
                lst = list(SummerMonth)
                self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
                self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
                self.assertEqual(
                        [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
                        lst,
                        )
                for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
                    i += 1
                    e = SummerMonth(i)
                    self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
                    self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
                    self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
                    self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)

    def test_subclassing(self):
        if isinstance(Name, Exception):
            raise Name
        self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum')
        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum'))
        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL is getattr(Name, 'BDFL'))
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Name.BDFL)

    def test_extending(self):
        def bad_extension():
            class Color(Enum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
            class MoreColor(Color):
                cyan = 4
                magenta = 5
                yellow = 6
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension)

    def test_exclude_methods(self):
        class whatever(Enum):
            this = 'that'
            these = 'those'
            def really(self):
                return 'no, not %s' % self.value
        self.assertFalse(type(whatever.really) is whatever)
        self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that')

    def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self):
        def wrong_inherit():
            class Wrong(Enum, str):
                NotHere = 'error before this point'
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, wrong_inherit)

    def test_intenum_transitivity(self):
        class number(IntEnum):
            one = 1
            two = 2
            three = 3
        class numero(IntEnum):
            uno = 1
            dos = 2
            tres = 3
        self.assertEqual(number.one, numero.uno)
        self.assertEqual(number.two, numero.dos)
        self.assertEqual(number.three, numero.tres)

    def test_introspection(self):
        class Number(IntEnum):
            one = 100
            two = 200
        self.assertTrue(Number.one._member_type_ is int)
        self.assertTrue(Number._member_type_ is int)
        class String(str, Enum):
            yarn = 'soft'
            rope = 'rough'
            wire = 'hard'
        self.assertTrue(String.yarn._member_type_ is str)
        self.assertTrue(String._member_type_ is str)
        class Plain(Enum):
            vanilla = 'white'
            one = 1
        self.assertTrue(Plain.vanilla._member_type_ is object)
        self.assertTrue(Plain._member_type_ is object)

    def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self):
        class Monochrome(Enum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(Enum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)

    def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self):
        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(Enum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)

    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self):
        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(IntEnum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.female) is Monochrome.white)

    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self):
        class Monochrome(Enum):
            black = 0
            white = 1
        class Gender(IntEnum):
            male = 0
            female = 1
        self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.male) is Monochrome.black)

    def test_flufl_enum(self):
        class Fluflnum(Enum):
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self.value)
        class MailManOptions(Fluflnum):
            option1 = 1
            option2 = 2
            option3 = 3
        self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1)

    def test_no_such_enum_member(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Color, 4)
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, Color.__getitem__, 'chartreuse')

    def test_new_repr(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            def __repr__(self):
                return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name
        self.assertEqual(
                repr(Color.blue),
                "don't you just love shades of blue?",
                )

    def test_inherited_repr(self):
        class MyEnum(Enum):
            def __repr__(self):
                return "My name is %s." % self.name
        class MyIntEnum(int, MyEnum):
            this = 1
            that = 2
            theother = 3
        self.assertEqual(repr(MyIntEnum.that), "My name is that.")

    def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self):
        class auto_enum(EnumMeta):
            def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict):
                original_dict = classdict
                temp_dict = metacls.__prepare__(cls, bases, {})
                if hasattr(original_dict, '_member_names'):
                    for k in original_dict._member_names:
                        temp_dict[k] = original_dict[k]
                    sunders = [k for k in original_dict.keys() if aenum._is_sunder(k)]
                else:
                    sunders = []
                    for k, v in original_dict.items():
                        if aenum._is_sunder(k):
                            sunders.append(k)
                        temp_dict[k] = v
                classdict = metacls.__prepare__(cls, bases, {})
                i = 0
                for k in sunders:
                    classdict[k] = original_dict[k]
                for k in temp_dict._member_names:
                    v = original_dict[k]
                    if v == ():
                        v = i
                    else:
                        i = v
                    i += 1
                    classdict[k] = v
                for k, v in original_dict.items():
                    if k not in temp_dict._member_names and k not in sunders:
                        classdict[k] = v
                return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__(
                        metacls, cls, bases, classdict)

        AutoNumberedEnum = auto_enum('AutoNumberedEnum', (Enum,), {})

        AutoIntEnum = auto_enum('AutoIntEnum', (IntEnum,), {})

        # class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum):
        #     a = ()
        #     b = 3
        #     c = ()
        # self.assertEqual(TestAutoNumber.b.value, 3)
        #
        # if pyver >= 3.0:
        #     self.assertEqual(
        #         [TestAutoNumber.a.value, TestAutoNumber.b.value, TestAutoNumber.c.value],
        #         [0, 3, 4],
        #         )
        #
        # class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum):
        #     a = ()
        #     b = 3
        #     c = ()
        # self.assertEqual(TestAutoInt.b, 3)
        #
        # if pyver >= 3.0:
        #     self.assertEqual(
        #         [TestAutoInt.a.value, TestAutoInt.b.value, TestAutoInt.c.value],
        #         [0, 3, 4],
        #         )

    def test_meta_reconfigure(self):

        def identity(*args):
            if len(args) == 1:
                return args[0]
            return args

        JSONEnum = None

        class JSONEnumMeta(EnumMeta):

            @classmethod
            def __prepare__(metacls, cls, bases, init=None, start=None, settings=()):
                return {}

            def __init__(cls, *args , **kwds):
                super(JSONEnumMeta, cls).__init__(*args)

            def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, clsdict, init=None, start=None, settings=()):
                import json
                members = []
                if JSONEnum is not None:
                    if '_file' not in clsdict:
                        raise TypeError('_file is required')
                    if '_name' not in clsdict:
                        raise TypeError('_name is required')
                    if '_value' not in clsdict:
                        raise TypeError('_value is required')
                    name_spec = clsdict.pop('_name')
                    if not isinstance(name_spec, (tuple, list)):
                        name_spec = (name_spec, )
                    value_spec = clsdict.pop('_value')
                    file = clsdict.pop('_file')
                    with open(file) as f:
                        json_data = json.load(f)
                    for data in json_data:
                        values = []
                        name = data[name_spec[0]]
                        for piece in name_spec[1:]:
                            name = name[piece]
                        for order, (value_path, func) in sorted(value_spec.items()):
                            if not isinstance(value_path, (list, tuple)):
                                value_path = (value_path, )
                            value = data[value_path[0]]
                            for piece in value_path[1:]:
                                value = value[piece]
                            if func is not None:
                                value = func(value)
                            values.append(value)
                        values = tuple(values)
                        members.append(
                            (name, identity(*values))
                            )
                # get the real EnumDict
                enum_dict = super(JSONEnumMeta, metacls).__prepare__(cls, bases, init, start, settings)
                # transfer the original dict content, _items first
                items = list(clsdict.items())
                items.sort(key=lambda p: (0 if p[0][0] == '_' else 1, p))
                for name, value in items:
                    enum_dict[name] = value
                # add the members
                for name, value in members:
                    enum_dict[name] = value
                return super(JSONEnumMeta, metacls).__new__(metacls, cls, bases, enum_dict, init, start, settings)

        # for use with both Python 2/3
        JSONEnum = JSONEnumMeta('JsonEnum', (Enum, ), {})

        test_file = os.path.join(tempdir, 'test_json.json')
        with open(test_file, 'w') as f:
            f.write(
                '[{"name":"Afghanistan","alpha-2":"AF","country-code":"004","notes":{"description":"pretty"}},'
                '{"name":"Åland Islands","alpha-2":"AX","country-code":"248","notes":{"description":"serene"}},'
                '{"name":"Albania","alpha-2":"AL","country-code":"008","notes":{"description":"exciting"}},'
                '{"name":"Algeria","alpha-2":"DZ","country-code":"012","notes":{"description":"scarce"}}]')

        class Country(JSONEnum):
            _init_ = 'abbr code country_name description'
            _file = test_file
            _name = 'alpha-2'
            _value = {
                    1: ('alpha-2', None),
                    2: ('country-code', lambda c: int(c)),
                    3: ('name', None),
                    4: (('notes','description'), lambda s: s.title()),
                    }

        self.assertEqual([Country.AF, Country.AX, Country.AL, Country.DZ], list(Country))
        self.assertEqual(Country.AF.abbr, 'AF')
        self.assertEqual(Country.AX.code, 248)
        self.assertEqual(Country.AL.country_name, 'Albania')
        self.assertEqual(Country.DZ.description, 'Scarce')


    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'  # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                if len(args) < 1:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __getnewargs__(self):
                return self._args
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'  # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)

        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)

    def test_subclasses_with_reduce(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                if len(args) < 1:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __reduce__(self):
                return self.__class__, self._args
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)


        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)

    def test_subclasses_with_reduce_ex(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                if len(args) < 1:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
                return self.__class__, self._args
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)


        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)

    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)

        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, NEI.x)
        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, NEI)

    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support_using_name(self):
        class NamedInt(int):
            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                _args = args
                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
                if len(args) == 0:
                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
                self._intname = name
                self._args = _args
                return self
            @property
            def __name__(self):
                return self._intname
            def __repr__(self):
                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
                                             self.__name__,
                                             int.__repr__(self))
            def __str__(self):
                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
                base = int
                base_str = base.__str__
                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
                    return base.__repr__(self)
                return base_str(self)
            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
            # propagates expressions
            def __add__(self, other):
                temp = int(self) + int( other)
                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
                    return NamedInt(
                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
                        temp )
                else:
                    return temp

        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
            x = ('the-x', 1)
            y = ('the-y', 2)
            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
                return getattr, (self.__class__, self._name_)

        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI)

    def test_tuple_subclass(self):
        class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum):
            __qualname__ = 'SomeTuple'
            first = (1, 'for the money')
            second = (2, 'for the show')
            third = (3, 'for the music')
        self.assertTrue(type(SomeTuple.first) is SomeTuple)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple))
        self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music'))
        globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, SomeTuple.first)

    # def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self):
    #     class NumericEnum(AutoNumberEnum):
    #         __order__ = 'enum_m enum_d enum_y'
    #         enum_m = ()
    #         enum_d = ()
    #         enum_y = ()
    #         def __int__(self):
    #             return int(self._value_)
    #     self.assertEqual(int(NumericEnum.enum_d), 2)
    #     self.assertEqual(NumericEnum.enum_y.value, 3)
    #     self.assertTrue(NumericEnum(1) is NumericEnum.enum_m)
    #     self.assertEqual(
    #         list(NumericEnum),
    #         [NumericEnum.enum_m, NumericEnum.enum_d, NumericEnum.enum_y],
    #         )

    def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self):
        class AutoNumber2(Enum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
            def __int__(self):
                return int(self._value_)
        class Color(AutoNumber2):
            __order__ = 'red green blue'
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3))
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
        if PY3:
            self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])

    def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self):
        class AutoNumber3(IntEnum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = len(cls.__members__) + 11
                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
        class Color(AutoNumber3):
            __order__ = 'red green blue'
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3))
        Color.red
        Color.green
        Color.blue
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue, 13)

    def test_equality(self):
        class AlwaysEqual:
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return True
        class OrdinaryEnum(Enum):
            a = 1
        self.assertEqual(AlwaysEqual(), OrdinaryEnum.a)
        self.assertEqual(OrdinaryEnum.a, AlwaysEqual())

    def test_ordered_mixin(self):
        class Grade(OrderedEnum):
            __order__ = 'A B C D F'
            A = 5
            B = 4
            C = 3
            D = 2
            F = 1
        self.assertEqual(list(Grade), [Grade.A, Grade.B, Grade.C, Grade.D, Grade.F])
        self.assertTrue(Grade.A > Grade.B)
        self.assertTrue(Grade.F <= Grade.C)
        self.assertTrue(Grade.D < Grade.A)
        self.assertTrue(Grade.B >= Grade.B)

    def test_missing_deprecated(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            AnyApple = 0
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_(cls, name):
                return cls.AnyApple

        self.assertEqual(Label.AnyApple, Label(4))
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Label['redapple']

    def test_missing(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            AnyApple = 0
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_value_(cls, value):
                return cls.AnyApple

        self.assertEqual(Label.AnyApple, Label(4))
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Label['redapple']

    def test_missing_name(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_name_(cls, name):
                for member in cls:
                    if member.name.lower() == name.lower():
                        return member

        Label['redapple']
        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Label('redapple')

    def test_missing_value_bad_input(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            AnyApple = 0
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_value_(cls, value):
                return cls.AnyApple

        self.assertEqual(Label.AnyApple, Label(4))
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Label[True]

    def test_missing_name_bad_return(self):
        class Label(Enum):
            RedApple = 1
            GreenApple = 2
            @classmethod
            def _missing_name_(cls, name):
                return None

        with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
            Label.redapple
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            Label('redapple')
        with self.assertRaises(KeyError):
            Label['redapple']

    def test_extending2(self):
        def bad_extension():
            class Shade(Enum):
                def shade(self):
                    print(self.name)
            class Color(Shade):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
            class MoreColor(Color):
                cyan = 4
                magenta = 5
                yellow = 6
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension)

    def test_extending3(self):
        class Shade(Enum):
            def shade(self):
                return self.name
        class Color(Shade):
            def hex(self):
                return '%s hexlified!' % self.value
        class MoreColor(Color):
            cyan = 4
            magenta = 5
            yellow = 6
        self.assertEqual(MoreColor.magenta.hex(), '5 hexlified!')

    def test_extending5(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red green blue value'
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            value = 4
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue, Color.value])
        self.assertEqual(Color.value.name, 'value')
        self.assertEqual(Color.value.value, 4)
        self.assertTrue(Color.value in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(4), Color.value)
        self.assertEqual(Color['value'], Color.value)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)

    CONTINUE = 100, 'Continue', 'Request received, please continue'
    SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = (101, 'Switching Protocols',
            'Switching to new protocol; obey Upgrade header')
    PROCESSING = 102, 'Processing'

    def test_no_duplicates(self):
        def bad_duplicates():
            class Color1(UniqueEnum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
            class Color2(UniqueEnum):
                red = 1
                green = 2
                blue = 3
                grene = 2
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad_duplicates)

    def test_no_duplicates_kinda(self):
        class Silly(UniqueEnum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            name = 3
        class Sillier(IntEnum, UniqueEnum):
            single = 1
            name = 2
            triple = 3
            value = 4

    def test_init(self):
        class Planet(Enum):
            MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
            VENUS   = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
            EARTH   = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)
            MARS    = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)
            JUPITER = (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7)
            SATURN  = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)
            URANUS  = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)
            NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
            def __init__(self, mass, radius):
                self.mass = mass       # in kilograms
                self.radius = radius   # in meters
            @property
            def surface_gravity(self):
                # universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
                G = 6.67300E-11
                return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)
        self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80)
        self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6))

    def test_init_and_shadowing_attribute(self):
        class SelectionEnum(str, Enum):
            _init_ = 'db user'
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
                count = len(cls.__members__)
                obj = str.__new__(cls, args[0])
                obj._count = count
                obj._value_ = args
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args
        class DeviceTypeSource(SelectionEnum):
            _order_ = 'user system'
            user = "User controlled"
            system = "System controlled"
        self.assertEqual(DeviceTypeSource.system.db, 'system')
        self.assertEqual(DeviceTypeSource.system.user, 'System controlled')
        self.assertEqual(DeviceTypeSource.user.db, 'user')
        self.assertEqual(DeviceTypeSource.user.user, 'User controlled')

    def test_nonhash_value(self):
        class AutoNumberInAList(Enum):
            def __new__(cls):
                value = [len(cls.__members__) + 1]
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj
        class ColorInAList(AutoNumberInAList):
            __order__ = 'red green blue'
            red = ()
            green = ()
            blue = ()
        self.assertEqual(list(ColorInAList), [ColorInAList.red, ColorInAList.green, ColorInAList.blue])
        self.assertEqual(ColorInAList.red.value, [1])
        self.assertEqual(ColorInAList([1]), ColorInAList.red)

    def test_number_reset_and_order_cleanup(self):
        class Confused(Enum):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO THREE UNO DOS TRES FOUR'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = auto()
            UNO = 1
            DOS = auto()
            TRES = auto()
            FOUR = auto()
        self.assertEqual(list(Confused), [Confused.ONE, Confused.TWO, Confused.THREE, Confused.FOUR])
        self.assertIs(Confused.TWO, Confused.DOS)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.DOS._value_, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.TRES._value_, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.FOUR._value_, 4)

    def test_conflicting_types_resolved_in_new(self):
        class LabelledIntEnum(int, Enum):
            def __new__(cls, *args):
                value, label = args
                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
                obj.label = label
                obj._value_ = value
                return obj

        class LabelledList(LabelledIntEnum):
            unprocessed = (1, "Unprocessed")
            payment_complete = (2, "Payment Complete")

        self.assertEqual(LabelledList.unprocessed, 1)
        self.assertEqual(LabelledList(1), LabelledList.unprocessed)
        self.assertEqual(list(LabelledList), [LabelledList.unprocessed, LabelledList.payment_complete])

    def test_auto_number(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 3)

    def test_auto_name(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')

    def test_auto_name_inherit(self):
        class AutoNameEnum(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last):
                return name
        class Color(AutoNameEnum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')

    def test_auto_garbage(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue'
            red = 'red'
            blue = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 1)

    def test_auto_garbage_corrected(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = 'red'
            blue = 2
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 3)

    def test_duplicate_auto(self):
        #
        class MoreDupes(Enum):
            _order_ = 'A B C'
            A = auto()
            B = A,
            C = auto()
        self.assertEqual(list(MoreDupes), [MoreDupes.A, MoreDupes.B, MoreDupes.C])
        self.assertEqual([m.value for m in MoreDupes], [1, (1, ), 2])
        #
        class Dupes(Enum):
            _order_ = 'first second third'
            first = primero = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
        self.assertEqual([Dupes.first, Dupes.second, Dupes.third], list(Dupes))

    def test_auto_value_with_auto(self):

        class SelectionEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = 'db user'
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
                count = len(cls.__members__)
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._count = count
                obj._value_ = args
                obj.db, obj.user = args
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args

        class Test(SelectionEnum):
            _order_ = 'this that'
            this = auto('these')
            that = auto('those')

        self.assertEqual(list(Test), [Test.this, Test.that])
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.name, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.value, ('this', 'these'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.db, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.user, 'these')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.name, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.value, ('that', 'those'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.db, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.user, 'those')

    def test_auto_value_with_autovalue(self):

        class SelectionEnum(Enum):
            _init_ = 'db user'
            def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
                count = len(cls.__members__)
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._count = count
                obj._value_ = args
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args

        class Test(SelectionEnum):
            _order_ = 'this that'
            this = 'these'
            that = 'those'

        self.assertEqual(list(Test), [Test.this, Test.that])
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.name, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.value, ('this', 'these'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.db, 'this')
        self.assertEqual(Test.this.user, 'these')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.name, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.value, ('that', 'those'))
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.db, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(Test.that.user, 'those')

    def test_auto_and_kwds(self):
        class Item(Enum):
            _order_ = 'A B'
            A = auto(size=100, req={'red': True})
            B = auto(size=200, req={'red': False})
            #
            def __new__(cls, value, size, req):
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.size = size
                obj.req= req
                return obj
        self.assertEqual((Item.A.value, Item.A.size, Item.A.req), (1, 100, {'red': True}))
        self.assertEqual((Item.B.value, Item.B.size, Item.B.req), (2, 200, {'red': False}))

    def test_empty_with_functional_api(self):
        empty = aenum.IntEnum('Foo', {})
        self.assertEqual(len(empty), 0)

    def test_auto_init(self):
        class Planet(Enum):
            _init_ = 'mass radius'
            MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
            VENUS   = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
            EARTH   = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)
            MARS    = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)
            JUPITER = (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7)
            SATURN  = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)
            URANUS  = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)
            NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
            @property
            def surface_gravity(self):
                # universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
                G = 6.67300E-11
                return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)
        self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80)
        self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6))

    def test_auto_init_with_value(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _init_='value, rgb'
            RED = 1, (1, 0, 0)
            BLUE = 2, (0, 1, 0)
            GREEN = 3, (0, 0, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.rgb, (1, 0, 0))
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.rgb, (0, 1, 0))
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.rgb, (0, 0, 1))

    def test_noalias(self):
        class Settings(Enum):
            _settings_ = NoAlias
            red = 1
            rojo = 1
        self.assertFalse(Settings.red is Settings.rojo)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Settings, 1)

    def test_auto_and_init(self):
        class Field(int, Enum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START'
            _init_ = 'value __doc__'
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')

    def test_auto_and_start(self):
        class Field(IntEnum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START'
            _start_ = 0
            _init_ = 'value __doc__'
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 0)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')

    def test_auto_and_init_and_some_values(self):
        class Field(int, Enum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START BLAH BELCH'
            _init_ = 'value __doc__'
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
            BLAH = 5, "test blah"
            BELCH = 'test belch'
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.__doc__, 'test blah')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.__doc__, 'test belch')

    def test_auto_and_init_w_value_and_too_many_values(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'Field\.BLAH: number of fields provided do not match init'):
            class Field(int, Enum):
                _order_ = 'TYPE START BLAH BELCH'
                _init_ = 'value __doc__'
                TYPE = 1, "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
                START = 2, "Field offset in record"
                BLAH = 5, 6, "test blah"
                BELCH = 7, 'test belch'

    def test_auto_and_init_and_some_complex_values(self):
        class Field(int, Enum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START BLAH BELCH'
            _init_ = 'value __doc__ help'
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc.", "fields composed of character data"
            START = "Field offset in record", "where the data starts in the record"
            BLAH = 5, "test blah", "some help"
            BELCH = 'test belch', "some more help"
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.__doc__, 'test blah')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.__doc__, 'test belch')
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.help, "fields composed of character data")
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.help, "where the data starts in the record")
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.help, "some help")
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.help, "some more help")

    def test_auto_and_init_inherited(self):
        class AutoEnum(IntEnum):
            _start_ = 0
            _init_ = 'value __doc__'
        class Field(AutoEnum):
            _order_ = 'TYPE START BLAH BELCH'
            TYPE = "Char, Date, Logical, etc."
            START = "Field offset in record"
            BLAH = 5, "test blah"
            BELCH = 'test belch'
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE, 0)
        self.assertEqual(Field.START, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Field.TYPE.__doc__, 'Char, Date, Logical, etc.')
        self.assertEqual(Field.START.__doc__, 'Field offset in record')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BLAH.__doc__, 'test blah')
        self.assertEqual(Field.BELCH.__doc__, 'test belch')

    def test_missing_value_error(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"_value_ not set in __new__"):
            class Combined(str, Enum):
                #
                _init_ = 'value sequence'
                _order_ = lambda m: m.sequence
                #
                def __new__(cls, value, *args):
                    enum = str.__new__(cls, value)
                    if '(' in value:
                        fis_name, segment = value.split('(', 1)
                        segment = segment.strip(' )')
                    else:
                        fis_name = value
                        segment = None
                    enum.fis_name = fis_name
                    enum.segment = segment
                    return enum
                #
                def __repr__(self):
                    return "<%s.%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
                #
                key_type      = 'An$(1,2)', 0
                company_id    = 'An$(3,2)', 1
                code          = 'An$(5,1)', 2
                description   = 'Bn$',      3


    def test_auto_and_enum(self):
        class Foo(aenum.Flag):
            _order_ = 'a b c'
            a = aenum.auto()
            b = a | aenum.auto()
            c = 2

        self.assertEqual([Foo.a, Foo.c], list(Foo))
        self.assertEqual(Foo.a.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Foo.b.value, 3)

    def test_multiple_arg_auto(self):
        class AutoName(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args
        #
        class Planet(AutoName):
            _init_ = 'value mass radius'
            MERCURY = auto(3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
            VENUS = auto(4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
        self.assertEqual(Planet.MERCURY.value, 'MERCURY')

    def test_auto_w_multiple_arg(self):
        class AutoName(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args
        #
        class Planet(AutoName):
            _init_ = 'value mass radius'
            MERCURY = auto(), 3.303e+23, 2.4397e6  # doesn't work
            VENUS = auto(), 4.869e+24, 6.0518e6  # doesn't work
        self.assertEqual(Planet.MERCURY.value, 'MERCURY')

    def test_auto_gnv_and_init(self):
        class AutoName(Enum):
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last, *args, **kwds):
                return (name, ) + args
        #
        class Planet(AutoName):
            _init_ = 'value mass radius'
            MERCURY = 3.303e+23, 2.4397e6  # doesn't work
            VENUS = 4.869e+24, 6.0518e6  # doesn't work
        self.assertEqual(Planet.MERCURY.value, 'MERCURY')

    # def test_AutoNumberEnum_and_property(self):
    #     class Color(aenum.AutoNumberEnum):
    #         red = ()
    #         green = ()
    #         blue = ()
    #         @property
    #         def cap_name(self):
    #             return self.name.title()
    #     self.assertEqual(Color.blue.cap_name, 'Blue')

    # def test_AutoNumberEnum(self):
    #     class Color(aenum.AutoNumberEnum):
    #         _order_ = 'red green blue'
    #         red = ()
    #         green = ()
    #         blue = ()
    #     self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
    #     self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
    #     self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 2)
    #     self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 3)

    def test_MultiValue_with_init_wo_value(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _init_ = 'color r g b'
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            _settings_ = MultiValue
            red = 'red', 1, 2, 3
            green = 'green', 4, 5, 6
            blue = 'blue', 7, 8, 9
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.color, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.r, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.g, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.b, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.color, 'green')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.r, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.g, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.b, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.color, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.r, 7)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.g, 8)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.b, 9)
        self.assertIs(Color('red'), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(1), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(2), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(3), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color('green'), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(4), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(5), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(6), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color('blue'), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(7), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(8), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(9), Color.blue)

    def test_MultiValue_with_init_w_value(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _init_ = 'value r g b'
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            _settings_ = MultiValue
            red = 'red', 1, 2, 3
            green = 'green', 4, 5, 6
            blue = 'blue', 7, 8, 9
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.r, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.g, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.b, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 'green')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.r, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.g, 5)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.b, 6)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.r, 7)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.g, 8)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.b, 9)
        self.assertIs(Color('red'), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(1), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(2), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(3), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color('green'), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(4), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(5), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(6), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color('blue'), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(7), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(8), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(9), Color.blue)

    def test_MultiValue_with_init_wo_value_w_autonumber(self):
        class Color(AutoNumberEnum):
            _init_ = 'color r g b'
            _order_ = 'red green blue'
            _settings_ = MultiValue
            red = 'red', 10, 20, 30
            green = 'green', 40, 50, 60
            blue = 'blue', 70, 80, 90
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.color, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.r, 10)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.g, 20)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.b, 30)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.color, 'green')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.r, 40)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.g, 50)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.b, 60)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.color, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.r, 70)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.g, 80)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.b, 90)
        self.assertIs(Color(1), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color('red'), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(10), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(20), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(30), Color.red)
        self.assertIs(Color(2), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color('green'), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(40), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(50), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(60), Color.green)
        self.assertIs(Color(3), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color('blue'), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(70), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(80), Color.blue)
        self.assertIs(Color(90), Color.blue)

    def test_multivalue_and_autonumber_wo_init_wo_value(self):
        class Day(Enum):
            _settings_ = MultiValue, AddValue
            _order_ = 'one two three'
            _start_ = 7
            one = "21", "one"
            two = "22", "two"
            three = "23", "three"
        self.assertEqual(Day.one.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(Day.two.value, 8)
        self.assertEqual(Day.three.value, 9)
        self.assertEqual(Day('21'), Day.one)
        self.assertEqual(Day('one'), Day.one)

    def test_multivalue_and_autonumber_wo_init_w_some_value(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            _settings_ = MultiValue, Unique
            _order_ = 'BLACK RED BLUE YELLOW GREEN MAGENTA'
            _init_ = "value description"
            BLACK = -1, "Text0"
            RED = -50, "Text1"
            BLUE = auto(), "Text2"
            YELLOW = auto(), "Text3"
            GREEN = -70, "Text4"
            MAGENTA = auto(), "Text5"
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLACK.value, -1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, -50)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, -49)
        self.assertEqual(Color.YELLOW.value, -48)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, -70)
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAGENTA.value, -69)
        self.assertEqual(Color(-1), Color.BLACK)
        self.assertEqual(Color('Text2'), Color.BLUE)

    def test_combine_new_settings_with_old_settings(self):
        class Auto(Enum):
            _settings_ = Unique
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            class AutoUnique(Auto):
                BLAH = auto()
                BLUH = auto()
                ICK = 1

    def test_timedelta(self):
        class Period(timedelta, Enum):
            '''
            different lengths of time
            '''
            _init_ = 'value period'
            _settings_ = NoAlias
            _ignore_ = 'Period i'
            Period = vars()
            for i in range(31):
                Period['day_%d' % i] = i, 'day'
            for i in range(15):
                Period['week_%d' % i] = i*7, 'week'
            for i in range(12):
                Period['month_%d' % i] = i*30, 'month'
            OneDay = day_1
            OneWeek = week_1
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, '_ignore_'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, 'Period'))
        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Period, 'i'))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Period.day_1, timedelta))

    def test_skip(self):
        class enumA(Enum):
            @skip
            class enumB(Enum):
                elementA = 'a'
                elementB = 'b'
            @skip
            class enumC(Enum):
                elementC = 'c'
                elementD = 'd'
        self.assertIs(enumA.enumB, enumA.__dict__['enumB'])

    def test_nonmember(self):
        class enumA(Enum):
            @nonmember
            class enumB(Enum):
                elementA = 'a'
                elementB = 'b'
            @nonmember
            class enumC(Enum):
                elementC = 'c'
                elementD = 'd'
        self.assertIs(enumA.enumB, enumA.__dict__['enumB'])

    def test_member_with_external_functions(self):
        class Func(Enum):
            _order_ = 'an_int a_str'
            an_int = member(int)
            a_str = member(str)
            @classproperty
            def types(cls):
                return [m.value for m in list(cls)]
            def __repr__(self):
                return "<%s.%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name, )
            def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
                return self.value(*args, **kwds)
        #
        self.assertEqual([Func.an_int, Func.a_str], list(Func))
        self.assertEqual([int, str], Func.types)
        self.assertEqual(Func.an_int(7), 7)
        self.assertEqual(Func.a_str('BlahBlah'), 'BlahBlah')

    def test_member_with_internal_functions(self):
        class Func(Enum):
            _order_ = 'haha hehe'
            @member
            def haha():
                return 'haha'
            @member
            def hehe(name):
                return 'hehe -- what a name!  %s!' % name
            @classproperty
            def types(cls):
                return [m.value for m in list(cls)]
            def __repr__(self):
                return "<%s.%s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name, )
            def __call__(self, *args, **kwds):
                return self.value(*args, **kwds)
        #
        self.assertEqual([Func.haha, Func.hehe], list(Func))
        self.assertEqual([Func.haha.value, Func.hehe.value], Func.types)
        self.assertEqual(Func.haha(), 'haha')
        self.assertEqual(Func.hehe('BlahBlah'), 'hehe -- what a name!  BlahBlah!')

    def test_constantness_of_constants(self):
        class Universe(Enum):
            PI = constant(3.141596)
            G = constant(6.67300E-11)
        self.assertEqual(Universe.PI, 3.141596)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, r'cannot rebind constant', setattr, Universe, 'PI', 9)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, r'cannot delete constant', delattr, Universe, 'PI')

    def test_math_and_stuff_with_constants(self):
        class Universe(Enum):
            PI = constant(3.141596)
            TAU = constant(2 * PI)
        self.assertEqual(Universe.PI, 3.141596)
        self.assertEqual(Universe.TAU, 2 * Universe.PI)

    def test_constant_with_auto_is_updated(self):
        class Fruit(Flag):
            _order_ = 'apple banana lemon orange'
            apple = auto()
            banana = auto()
            lemon = auto()
            orange = auto()
            CitrusTypes = constant(lemon | orange)
        self.assertEqual(list(Fruit), [Fruit.apple, Fruit.banana, Fruit.lemon, Fruit.orange])
        self.assertEqual(list(Fruit.CitrusTypes), [Fruit.lemon, Fruit.orange])
        self.assertTrue(Fruit.orange in Fruit.CitrusTypes)


    def test_order_as_function(self):
        # first with _init_
        class TestSequence(Enum):
            _init_ = 'value, sequence'
            _order_ = lambda member: member.sequence
            item_id                  = 'An$(1,6)',      0     # Item Code
            company_id               = 'An$(7,2)',      1     # Company Code
            warehouse_no             = 'An$(9,4)',      2     # Warehouse Number
            company                  = 'Hn$(13,6)',     3     # 4 SPACES + COMPANY
            key_type                 = 'Cn$(19,3)',     4     # Key Type = '1**'
            available                = 'Zn$(1,1)',      5     # Available?
            contract_item            = 'Bn(2,1)',       6     # Contract Item?
            sales_category           = 'Fn',            7     # Sales Category
            gl_category              = 'Rn$(5,1)',      8     # G/L Category
            warehouse_category       = 'Sn$(6,1)',      9     # Warehouse Category
            inv_units                = 'Qn$(7,2)',     10     # Inv Units
        for i, member in enumerate(TestSequence):
            self.assertEqual(i, member.sequence)
        ts = TestSequence
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.name, 'item_id')
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.value, 'An$(1,6)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.sequence, 0)
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.name, 'company_id')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.value, 'An$(7,2)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.sequence, 1)
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.name, 'warehouse_no')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.value, 'An$(9,4)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.sequence, 2)
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.name, 'company')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.value, 'Hn$(13,6)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.sequence, 3)
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.name, 'key_type')
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.value, 'Cn$(19,3)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.sequence, 4)
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.name, 'available')
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.value, 'Zn$(1,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.sequence, 5)
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.name, 'contract_item')
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.value, 'Bn(2,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.sequence, 6)
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.name, 'sales_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.value, 'Fn')
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.sequence, 7)
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.name, 'gl_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.value, 'Rn$(5,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.sequence, 8)
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.name, 'warehouse_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.value, 'Sn$(6,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.sequence, 9)
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.name, 'inv_units')
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.value, 'Qn$(7,2)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.sequence, 10)
        # and then without
        class TestSequence(Enum):
            _order_ = lambda member: member.value[1]
            item_id                  = 'An$(1,6)',      0     # Item Code
            company_id               = 'An$(7,2)',      1     # Company Code
            warehouse_no             = 'An$(9,4)',      2     # Warehouse Number
            company                  = 'Hn$(13,6)',     3     # 4 SPACES + COMPANY
            key_type                 = 'Cn$(19,3)',     4     # Key Type = '1**'
            available                = 'Zn$(1,1)',      5     # Available?
            contract_item            = 'Bn(2,1)',       6     # Contract Item?
            sales_category           = 'Fn',            7     # Sales Category
            gl_category              = 'Rn$(5,1)',      8     # G/L Category
            warehouse_category       = 'Sn$(6,1)',      9     # Warehouse Category
            inv_units                = 'Qn$(7,2)',     10     # Inv Units
        for i, member in enumerate(TestSequence):
            self.assertEqual(i, member.value[1])
        ts = TestSequence
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.name, 'item_id')
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.value, ('An$(1,6)', 0))
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.name, 'company_id')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.value, ('An$(7,2)', 1))
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.name, 'warehouse_no')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.value, ('An$(9,4)', 2))
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.name, 'company')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.value, ('Hn$(13,6)', 3))
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.name, 'key_type')
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.value, ('Cn$(19,3)', 4))
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.name, 'available')
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.value, ('Zn$(1,1)', 5))
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.name, 'contract_item')
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.value, ('Bn(2,1)', 6))
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.name, 'sales_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.value, ('Fn', 7))
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.name, 'gl_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.value, ('Rn$(5,1)', 8))
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.name, 'warehouse_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.value, ('Sn$(6,1)', 9))
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.name, 'inv_units')
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.value, ('Qn$(7,2)', 10))
        # then with _init_ but without value
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class TestSequence(Enum):
                _init_ = 'sequence'
                _order_ = lambda member: member.sequence
                item_id                  = 'An$(1,6)',      0     # Item Code
                company_id               = 'An$(7,2)',      1     # Company Code
                warehouse_no             = 'An$(9,4)',      2     # Warehouse Number
                company                  = 'Hn$(13,6)',     3     # 4 SPACES + COMPANY
                key_type                 = 'Cn$(19,3)',     4     # Key Type = '1**'
                available                = 'Zn$(1,1)',      5     # Available?
                contract_item            = 'Bn(2,1)',       6     # Contract Item?
                sales_category           = 'Fn',            7     # Sales Category
                gl_category              = 'Rn$(5,1)',      8     # G/L Category
                warehouse_category       = 'Sn$(6,1)',      9     # Warehouse Category
                inv_units                = 'Qn$(7,2)',     10     # Inv Units
        # finally, out of order so Python 3 barfs
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            class TestSequence(Enum):
                _init_ = 'sequence'
                _order_ = lambda member: member.sequence
                item_id                  = 'An$(1,6)',      0     # Item Code
                warehouse_no             = 'An$(9,4)',      2     # Warehouse Number
                company                  = 'Hn$(13,6)',     3     # 4 SPACES + COMPANY
                company_id               = 'An$(7,2)',      1     # Company Code
                inv_units                = 'Qn$(7,2)',     10     # Inv Units
                available                = 'Zn$(1,1)',      5     # Available?
                contract_item            = 'Bn(2,1)',       6     # Contract Item?
                sales_category           = 'Fn',            7     # Sales Category
                key_type                 = 'Cn$(19,3)',     4     # Key Type = '1**'
                gl_category              = 'Rn$(5,1)',      8     # G/L Category
                warehouse_category       = 'Sn$(6,1)',      9     # Warehouse Category

    def test_order_as_function_in_subclass(self):
        #
        class Parent(Enum):
            _init_ = 'value sequence'
            _order_ = lambda m: m.sequence
        #
        class Child(Parent):
            item_id                  = 'An$(1,6)',      0     # Item Code
            company_id               = 'An$(7,2)',      1     # Company Code
            warehouse_no             = 'An$(9,4)',      2     # Warehouse Number
            company                  = 'Hn$(13,6)',     3     # 4 SPACES + COMPANY
            key_type                 = 'Cn$(19,3)',     4     # Key Type = '1**'
            available                = 'Zn$(1,1)',      5     # Available?
            contract_item            = 'Bn(2,1)',       6     # Contract Item?
            sales_category           = 'Fn',            7     # Sales Category
            gl_category              = 'Rn$(5,1)',      8     # G/L Category
            warehouse_category       = 'Sn$(6,1)',      9     # Warehouse Category
            inv_units                = 'Qn$(7,2)',     10     # Inv Units
        #
        for i, member in enumerate(Child):
            self.assertEqual(i, member.sequence)
        #
        ts = Child
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.name, 'item_id')
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.value, 'An$(1,6)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.item_id.sequence, 0)
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.name, 'company_id')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.value, 'An$(7,2)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company_id.sequence, 1)
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.name, 'warehouse_no')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.value, 'An$(9,4)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_no.sequence, 2)
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.name, 'company')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.value, 'Hn$(13,6)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.company.sequence, 3)
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.name, 'key_type')
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.value, 'Cn$(19,3)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.key_type.sequence, 4)
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.name, 'available')
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.value, 'Zn$(1,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.available.sequence, 5)
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.name, 'contract_item')
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.value, 'Bn(2,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.contract_item.sequence, 6)
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.name, 'sales_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.value, 'Fn')
        self.assertEqual(ts.sales_category.sequence, 7)
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.name, 'gl_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.value, 'Rn$(5,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.gl_category.sequence, 8)
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.name, 'warehouse_category')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.value, 'Sn$(6,1)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.warehouse_category.sequence, 9)
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.name, 'inv_units')
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.value, 'Qn$(7,2)')
        self.assertEqual(ts.inv_units.sequence, 10)

        pass

    def test_multiple_mixin(self):
        class MaxMixin(object):
            @classproperty
            def MAX(cls):
                max = len(cls)
                cls.MAX = max
                return max
        class StrMixin(object):
            def __str__(self):
                return self._name_.lower()
        class SomeEnum(Enum):
            def behavior(self):
                return 'booyah'
        class AnotherEnum(Enum):
            def behavior(self):
                return 'nuhuh!'
            def social(self):
                return "what's up?"
        class Color(MaxMixin, Enum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAX, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'Color.BLUE')
        class Color(MaxMixin, StrMixin, Enum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAX, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue', '%r is not %r' % (str(Color.BLUE), 'blue'))
        class Color(StrMixin, MaxMixin, Enum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAX, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue', '%r is not %r' % (str(Color.BLUE), 'blue'))
        class CoolColor(StrMixin, SomeEnum, Enum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(CoolColor.BLUE), 'blue', '%r is not %r' % (str(Color.BLUE), 'blue'))
        self.assertEqual(CoolColor.RED.behavior(), 'booyah')
        class CoolerColor(StrMixin, AnotherEnum, Enum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(CoolerColor.BLUE), 'blue', '%r is not %r' % (str(Color.BLUE), 'blue'))
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.RED.behavior(), 'nuhuh!')
        self.assertEqual(CoolerColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        class CoolestColor(StrMixin, SomeEnum, AnotherEnum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(CoolestColor.BLUE), 'blue', '%r is not %r' % (str(Color.BLUE), 'blue'))
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.RED.behavior(), 'booyah')
        self.assertEqual(CoolestColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        class ConfusedColor(StrMixin, AnotherEnum, SomeEnum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(ConfusedColor.BLUE), 'blue', '%r is not %r' % (str(Color.BLUE), 'blue'))
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.behavior(), 'nuhuh!')
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        class ReformedColor(StrMixin, IntEnum, SomeEnum, AnotherEnum):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.BLUE.value, 3)
        self.assertEqual(str(ReformedColor.BLUE), 'blue', '%r is not %r' % (str(Color.BLUE), 'blue'))
        self.assertEqual(ReformedColor.RED.behavior(), 'booyah')
        self.assertEqual(ConfusedColor.RED.social(), "what's up?")
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(ReformedColor, int))

    def test_multiple_inherited_mixin(self):
        @unique
        class Decision1(StrEnum):
            REVERT = "REVERT"
            REVERT_ALL = "REVERT_ALL"
            RETRY = "RETRY"
        class MyEnum(StrEnum):
            pass
        @unique
        class Decision2(MyEnum):
            REVERT = "REVERT"
            REVERT_ALL = "REVERT_ALL"
            RETRY = "RETRY"

    def test_value_auto_assign(self):
        class Some(Enum):
            def __new__(cls, val):
                return object.__new__(cls)
            x = 1
            y = 2
        self.assertEqual(Some.x.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Some.y.value, 2)

    def test_enum_of_types(self):
        """Support using Enum to refer to types deliberately."""
        class MyTypes(Enum):
            i = int
            f = float
            s = str
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.i.value, int)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.f.value, float)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes.s.value, str)
        class Foo:
            pass
        class Bar:
            pass
        class MyTypes2(Enum):
            a = Foo
            b = Bar
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes2.a.value, Foo)
        self.assertEqual(MyTypes2.b.value, Bar)
        class SpamEnumNotInner:
            pass
        class SpamEnum(Enum):
            spam = SpamEnumNotInner
        self.assertEqual(SpamEnum.spam.value, SpamEnumNotInner)

    if PY2:
        def test_nested_classes_in_enum_do_become_members(self):
            # manually set __qualname__ to remove testing framework noise
            class Outer(Enum):
                _order_ = 'a b Inner'
                __qualname__ = "Outer"
                a = 1
                b = 2
                class Inner(Enum):
                    __qualname__ = "Outer.Inner"
                    foo = 10
                    bar = 11
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, Outer))
            self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
            self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.value.foo.value, 10)
            self.assertEqual(
                list(Outer.Inner.value),
                [Outer.Inner.value.foo, Outer.Inner.value.bar],
                )
            self.assertEqual(
                list(Outer),
                [Outer.a, Outer.b, Outer.Inner],
                )

        def test_really_nested_classes_in_enum_do_become_members(self):
            class Outer(Enum):
                _order_ = 'a b Inner'
                a = 1
                b = 2
                class Inner(Enum):
                    foo = 10
                    bar = 11
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, Outer))
            self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
            self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.value.foo.value, 10)
            self.assertEqual(
                list(Outer.Inner.value),
                [Outer.Inner.value.foo, Outer.Inner.value.bar],
                )
            self.assertEqual(
                list(Outer),
                [Outer.a, Outer.b, Outer.Inner],
                )

    def test_nested_classes_in_enum_are_skipped_with_skip(self):
        """Support locally-defined nested classes using @skip"""
        # manually set __qualname__ to remove testing framework noise
        class Outer(Enum):
            __qualname__ = "Outer"
            a = 1
            b = 2
            @skip
            class Inner(Enum):
                __qualname__ = "Outer.Inner"
                foo = 10
                bar = 11
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, type))
        self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.foo.value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer.Inner),
            [Outer.Inner.foo, Outer.Inner.bar],
            )
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer),
            [Outer.a, Outer.b],
            )

    def test_really_nested_classes_in_enum_are_skipped_with_skip(self):
        """Support locally-defined nested classes using @skip"""
        class Outer(Enum):
            a = 1
            b = 2
            @skip
            class Inner(Enum):
                foo = 10
                bar = 11
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Outer.Inner, type))
        self.assertEqual(Outer.a.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Outer.Inner.foo.value, 10)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer.Inner),
            [Outer.Inner.foo, Outer.Inner.bar],
            )
        self.assertEqual(
            list(Outer),
            [Outer.a, Outer.b],
            )

    def test_enum_call_without_arg(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            black = 0
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
            #
            @classmethod
            def _missing_value_(cls, value):
                if value is no_arg:
                    return cls.black
        self.assertTrue(Color.red is Color(1))
        self.assertTrue(Color.black is Color())

    def test_init_subclass(self):
        class MyEnum(Enum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(MyEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                self.assertFalse(cls.__dict__.get('_test', False))
                cls._test1 = 'MyEnum'
        #
        class TheirEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(TheirEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                cls._test2 = 'TheirEnum'
        class WhoseEnum(TheirEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NoEnum(WhoseEnum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(TheirEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'TheirEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))
        #
        class OurEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                cls._test2 = 'OurEnum'
        class WhereEnum(OurEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NeverEnum(WhereEnum):
            ONE = 'one'
        self.assertEqual(OurEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertFalse(WhereEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertEqual(WhereEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'OurEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))


class TestStrEnum(TestCase):

    def test_set_name(self):
        class Descriptor(object):
            name = None
            def __get__(self, instance, owner_class=None):
                if instance is None:
                    return self
                else:
                    return instance.__dict__[self.name]
            def __set__(self, instance, value):
                instance.__dict__[self.name] = value
            def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
                self.name = name
        #
        class AnEnum(Enum):
            ONE = 'one'
            two = Descriptor()
        #
        self.assertEqual(list(AnEnum), [AnEnum.ONE])
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.two.name, 'two')
        AnEnum.ONE.two = 'three'
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.two, 'three')
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.__dict__['two'], 'three')

    def test_private_names(self):
        class Private(Enum):
            __corporal = 'Radar'
            __major_ = 'Hoolihan'
        self.assertEqual(len(Private), 0)
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__corporal, 'Radar')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__corporal, Enum))
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__major_, 'Hoolihan')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__major_, Enum))

    def test_strenum_inherited_methods(self):
        class phy(StrEnum):
            pi = 'Pi'
            tau = 'Tau'
        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
        self.assertEqual(phy.pi.upper(), 'PI')
        self.assertEqual(phy.tau.count('a'), 1)

    def test_strict_strenum(self):
        for uhoh in (object, object(), [], Enum, 9):
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'values must be str'):
                class Huh(StrEnum):
                    huh = uhoh
        class Either(StrEnum):
            _order_ = 'this that Those lower upper'
            this = auto()
            that = 'That'
            Those = auto()
            lower = 'lower'
            upper = 'UPPER'
        self.assertEqual([m.value for m in Either], ['this', 'That', 'those', 'lower', 'UPPER'])
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r' is not lower-case'):
            class Huh(LowerStrEnum):
                huh = 'What'
        #
        class Lower(LowerStrEnum):
            _order_ = 'this that Those lower upper'
            this = auto()
            that = 'that'
            Those = auto()
            lower = 'lower'
            upper = 'upper'
        self.assertEqual([m.value for m in Lower], ['this', 'that', 'those', 'lower', 'upper'])
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r' is not upper-case'):
            class Huh(UpperStrEnum):
                huh = 'What'
        #
        class Upper(UpperStrEnum):
            _order_ = 'this that Those lower upper'
            this = auto()
            that = 'THAT'
            Those = auto()
            lower = 'LOWER'
            upper = 'UPPER'
        self.assertEqual([m.value for m in Upper], ['THIS', 'THAT', 'THOSE', 'LOWER', 'UPPER'])

    def test_init_subclass(self):
        class MyEnum(StrEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(MyEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                self.assertFalse(cls.__dict__.get('_test', False))
                cls._test1 = 'MyEnum'
        #
        class TheirEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(TheirEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                cls._test2 = 'TheirEnum'
        class WhoseEnum(TheirEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NoEnum(WhoseEnum):
            ONE = 'one'
        self.assertEqual(TheirEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'TheirEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))
        #
        class OurEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                cls._test2 = 'OurEnum'
        class WhereEnum(OurEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NeverEnum(WhereEnum):
            ONE = 'one'
        self.assertEqual(OurEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertFalse(WhereEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertEqual(WhereEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'OurEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))


class TestFlag(TestCase):
    """Tests of the Flags."""

    def setUp(self):
        class Perm(Flag):
            _order_ = 'R W X'
            R, W, X = 4, 2, 1
        self.Perm = Perm
        #
        class Color(Flag):
            BLACK = 0
            RED = 1
            ROJO = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 4
            PURPLE = RED|BLUE
            WHITE = RED|GREEN|BLUE
            BLANCO = RED|GREEN|BLUE
        self.Color = Color
        #
        class Fun(Flag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO FOUR EIGHT'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            THREE = ONE | TWO
            FOUR = auto()
            FIVE = FOUR | ONE
            SIX = FOUR | TWO
            SEVEN = FOUR | TWO | ONE
            EIGHT = auto()
        self.Fun = Fun
        #
        class TermColor(str, Flag):
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            #
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_values_(cls, members, *values):
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                return values + (code, )
            #
            AllReset = '0'           # ESC [ 0 m       # reset all (colors and brightness)
            Bright = '1'          # ESC [ 1 m       # bright
            Dim = '2'             # ESC [ 2 m       # dim (looks same as normal brightness)
            Underline = '4'
            Normal = '22'         # ESC [ 22 m      # normal brightness
                                #
                                # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Yellow = '33'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
            FG_Magenta = '35'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            FG_Cyan = '36'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            FG_White = '37'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
            FG_Reset = '39'           # ESC [ 39 m      # reset
                                    #
            BG_Black = '40'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            BG_Red = '41'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            BG_Green = '42'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Blue = '44'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
            BG_Reset = '49'           # ESC [ 39 m      # reset
            #
            __str__ = str.__str__
            #
            def __repr__(self):
                if self._name_ is not None:
                    return '<%s.%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
                else:
                    return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, '|'.join([m.name for m in Flag.__iter__(self)]))
            #
            def __enter__(self):
                print(self.AllReset, end='', verbose=0)
                return self
            #
            def __exit__(self, *args):
                print(self.AllReset, end='', verbose=0)
        self.TermColor = TermColor
        #
        class Open(Flag):
            RO = 0
            WO = 1
            RW = 2
            AC = 3
            CE = 1<<19
        self.Open = Open

    def test_set_name(self):
        class Descriptor(object):
            name = None
            def __get__(self, instance, owner_class=None):
                if instance is None:
                    return self
                else:
                    return instance.__dict__[self.name]
            def __set__(self, instance, value):
                instance.__dict__[self.name] = value
            def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
                self.name = name
        #
        class AnEnum(Enum):
            ONE = 1
            two = Descriptor()
        #
        self.assertEqual(list(AnEnum), [AnEnum.ONE])
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.two.name, 'two')
        AnEnum.ONE.two = 'three'
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.two, 'three')
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.__dict__['two'], 'three')

    def test_new_with_keywords(self):
        class Huh(IntFlag):
            __order__ = 'PLAIN BOLD_ITALIC HIGHLIGHT'
            def __new__(cls, docstring, open=None, close=None):
                if cls.__members__:
                    value = 2 ** (len(cls.__members__)-1)
                else:
                    value = 0
                member = int.__new__(cls, value)
                if open and close is None:
                    close = open
                member.open = open
                member.close = close
                member.__doc__ = docstring
                member._value_ = value
                return member
            PLAIN           = 'normal'
            BOLD_ITALIC     = '***really super important***', '***'
            HIGHLIGHT       = 'please ==take notice==', '==', '=='
        p = Huh.PLAIN
        self.assertTrue(type(p) is Huh, type(p))
        self.assertEqual(
                (p.value, p.__doc__, p.open, p.close),
                (0, 'normal', None, None),
                )
        bi = Huh.BOLD_ITALIC
        self.assertEqual(
                (bi.value, bi.__doc__, bi.open, bi.close),
                (1, '***really super important***', '***', '***'),
                )
        h = Huh.HIGHLIGHT
        self.assertEqual(
                (h.value, h.__doc__, h.open, h.close),
                (2, 'please ==take notice==', '==', '=='),
                )

    def test_private_names(self):
        class Private(Enum):
            __corporal = 'Radar'
            __major_ = 'Hoolihan'
        self.assertEqual(len(Private), 0)
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__corporal, 'Radar')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__corporal, Enum))
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__major_, 'Hoolihan')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__major_, Enum))

    def test_auto_alias(self):
        Fun = self.Fun
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Fun),
                [Fun.ONE, Fun.TWO, Fun.FOUR, Fun.EIGHT],
                )
        self.assertEqual(Fun.THREE._value_, 3)
        self.assertEqual(repr(Fun.SEVEN), '<Fun.SEVEN: 7>')
        self.assertEqual(list(Fun.SEVEN), [Fun.ONE, Fun.TWO, Fun.FOUR])

    def test_str_is_str_str(self):
        red, white = self.TermColor.FG_Red, self.TermColor.BG_White
        barber = red | white
        self.assertEqual(barber, '\x1b[31;47m')
        self.assertEqual(barber.value, red.value | white.value)
        self.assertEqual(barber.code, ';'.join([red.code, white.code]))
        self.assertEqual(repr(barber), '<TermColor.FG_Red|BG_White>')
        self.assertEqual(str(barber), '\x1b[31;47m')

    def test_membership(self):
        Color = self.Color
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'BLACK' in Color)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'RO' in Open)
        self.assertTrue(Color.BLACK in Color)
        self.assertTrue(Open.RO in Open)
        self.assertFalse(Color.BLACK in Open)
        self.assertFalse(Open.RO in Color)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 0 in Color)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 0 in Open)

    def test_member_contains(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'test' in Color.BLUE)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 2 in Color.BLUE)
        self.assertTrue(Color.BLUE in Color.BLUE)
        self.assertTrue(Color.BLUE in Color['RED|GREEN|BLUE'])

    def test_member_length(self):
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.BLACK), 0)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.GREEN), 1)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.PURPLE), 2)
        self.assertEqual(self.Color.__len__(self.Color.BLANCO), 3)

    def test_number_reset_and_order_cleanup(self):
        class Confused(Flag):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO FOUR DOS EIGHT SIXTEEN'
            ONE = auto()
            TWO = auto()
            FOUR = auto()
            DOS = 2
            EIGHT = auto()
            SIXTEEN = auto()
        self.assertEqual(
                list(Confused),
                [Confused.ONE, Confused.TWO, Confused.FOUR, Confused.EIGHT, Confused.SIXTEEN])
        self.assertIs(Confused.TWO, Confused.DOS)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.DOS._value_, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.EIGHT._value_, 8)
        self.assertEqual(Confused.SIXTEEN._value_, 16)

    def test_str(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R), 'Perm.R')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.W), 'Perm.W')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.X), 'Perm.X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W), 'Perm.R|W')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), 'Perm.R|W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(0)), 'Perm(0)')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.R), 'Perm.W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.W), 'Perm.R|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.X), 'Perm.R|W')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), 'Perm.X')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), 'Perm(0)')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(-1)), 'Perm.R|W|X')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(~0)), 'Perm.R|W|X')

        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO), 'Open.RO')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO), 'Open.WO')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.AC), 'Open.AC')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO | Open.CE), 'Open.CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO | Open.CE), 'Open.WO|CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.RO), 'Open.WO|RW|CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.WO), 'Open.RW|CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.AC), 'Open.CE')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), 'Open.AC')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), 'Open.RW')

    def test_repr(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R), '<Perm.R: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.W), '<Perm.W: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.X), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(0)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.R), '<Perm.W|X: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.W), '<Perm.R|X: 5>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(~0)), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')

        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO), '<Open.RO: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO), '<Open.WO: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.AC), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO | Open.CE), '<Open.WO|CE: 524289>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.RO), '<Open.WO|RW|CE: 524291>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.WO), '<Open.RW|CE: 524290>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.AC), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), '<Open.RW: 2>')

    def test_name_lookup(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertTrue(Color.RED is Color['RED'])
        self.assertTrue(Color.RED|Color.GREEN is Color['RED|GREEN'])
        self.assertTrue(Color.PURPLE is Color['RED|BLUE'])

    def test_or(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual((i | j), Perm(i.value | j.value))
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i | i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO | Open.CE, Open.CE)

    def test_and(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            for j in values:
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i & i, i)
            self.assertIs(i & RWX, i)
            self.assertIs(RWX & i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO & Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_xor(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i ^ Perm(0), i)
            self.assertIs(Perm(0) ^ i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO ^ Open.CE, Open.CE)
        self.assertIs(Open.CE ^ Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_invert(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            self.assertIs(type(~i), Perm)
            self.assertEqual(~~i, i)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(~~i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.WO & ~Open.WO, Open.RO)
        self.assertIs((Open.WO|Open.CE) & ~Open.WO, Open.CE)

    def test_bool(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(f)
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Open:
            self.assertEqual(bool(f.value), bool(f))

    def test_doc_flag(self):
        class DocFlag(Flag):
            _init_ = 'value __doc__'
            _start_ = 0
            # def __new__(cls, value, doc=None):
            #     # if doc is None and isinstance(value, basestring):
            #     #     value, doc = doc, value
            #     # if value is None:
            #     #     if not len(cls):
            #     #         value = 0
            #     #     else:
            #     #         value = 2 ** (len(cls) -1)
            #     # if not isinstance(value, baseinteger):
            #     #     raise TypeError("%r is not a valid %s value" % (value, cls.__name__))
            #     obj = object.__new__(cls)
            #     # if doc is None, don't mess with the value
            #     if doc:
            #         value = value >> 1
            #     obj._value_ = value
            #     obj.__doc__ = doc
            #     return obj
        #
        class AddressSegment(DocFlag):
            _order_ = 'UNKNOWN PO PO_TYPE NUMBER PREORD NAME STREET POSTORD SECONDARY_TYPE SECONDARY_NUMBER AND'
            UNKNOWN = "unable to determine address element type"
            PO = "post office delivery"
            PO_TYPE = "box or drawer"
            NUMBER = "main unit designator"
            PREORD = "N S E W etc"
            NAME = "street name"
            STREET = "st ave blvd etc"
            POSTORD = "N S E W etc"
            SECONDARY_TYPE = "apt bldg floor etc"
            SECONDARY_NUMBER = "secondary unit designator"
            AND = "& indicates a corner address"
        AS = AddressSegment
        self.assertEqual(AS.NAME._value_, 16)
        self.assertEqual(AS.STREET._value_, 32)
        self.assertEqual(AS.SECONDARY_TYPE._value_, 128)
        self.assertEqual((AS.NAME | AS.STREET)._value_, 48, "%r is not 48" % (AS.NAME | AS.STREET))
                
    def test_iteration(self):
        C = self.Color
        self.assertEqual(list(C), [C.RED, C.GREEN, C.BLUE])
        self.assertEqual(list(C.PURPLE), [C.RED, C.BLUE])

    def test_member_iteration(self):
        C = self.Color
        self.assertEqual(list(C.BLACK), [])
        self.assertEqual(list(C.RED), [C.RED])
        self.assertEqual(list(C.PURPLE), [C.RED, C.BLUE])

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', 'R W X')
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', 'R W X', start=8)
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 8<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', ['R', 'W', 'X'])
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', (('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32)))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        Perm = Flag('Perm', OrderedDict((('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32))))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_empty_list(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', [])
        self.assertEqual(len(list(Perm)), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 0)
        Thing = Enum('Thing', [])
        self.assertEqual(len(list(Thing)), len(Thing))
        self.assertEqual(len(Thing), 0)

    def test_programatic_function_empty_tuple(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', ())
        self.assertEqual(len(list(Perm)), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 0)
        Thing = Enum('Thing', ())
        self.assertEqual(len(list(Thing)), len(Thing))
        self.assertEqual(len(Thing), 0)

    def test_pickle(self):
        if isinstance(FlagStooges, Exception):
            raise FlagStooges
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStooges.CURLY|FlagStooges.MOE)
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertIs, FlagStooges)

    def test_containment(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        R, W, X = Perm
        RW = R | W
        RX = R | X
        WX = W | X
        RWX = R | W | X
        self.assertTrue(R in RW)
        self.assertTrue(R in RX)
        self.assertTrue(R in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RW)
        self.assertTrue(W in WX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RX)
        self.assertTrue(X in WX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RWX)
        self.assertFalse(R in WX)
        self.assertFalse(W in RX)
        self.assertFalse(X in RW)

    def test_auto_number(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            _order_ = 'red blue green'
            red = auto()
            blue = auto()
            green = auto()

        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.blue, Color.green])
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 4)

    def test_auto_number_garbage(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'invalid Flag value: .not an int.'):
            class Color(Flag):
                _order_ = 'red blue'
                red = 'not an int'
                blue = auto()

    def test_auto_w_pending(self):
        class Required(Flag):
            _order_ = 'TO_S FROM_S'
            NONE = 0
            TO_S = auto()
            FROM_S = auto()
            BOTH = TO_S | FROM_S
        self.assertEqual(Required.TO_S.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Required.FROM_S.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Required.BOTH.value, 3)

    def test_duplicate_auto(self):
        class Dupes(Enum):
            _order_ = 'first second third'
            first = primero = auto()
            second = auto()
            third = auto()
        self.assertEqual([Dupes.first, Dupes.second, Dupes.third], list(Dupes))

    def test_bizarre(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"invalid Flag 'Bizarre' -- missing values: 1, 2"):
            class Bizarre(Flag):
                b = 3
                c = 4
                d = 6

    def test_multiple_mixin(self):
        class AllMixin(object):
            @classproperty
            def ALL(cls):
                members = list(cls)
                all_value = None
                if members:
                    all_value = members[0]
                    for member in members[1:]:
                        all_value |= member
                cls.ALL = all_value
                return all_value
        class StrMixin(object):
            def __str__(self):
                return self._name_.lower()
        class Color(AllMixin, Flag):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'Color.BLUE')
        class Color(AllMixin, StrMixin, Flag):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')
        class Color(StrMixin, AllMixin, Flag):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')

    @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
    def test_unique_composite(self):
        # override __eq__ to be identity only
        class TestFlag(Flag):
            _order_ = 'one two three four five six seven eight'
            one = auto()
            two = auto()
            three = auto()
            four = auto()
            five = auto()
            six = auto()
            seven = auto()
            eight = auto()
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self is other
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self._value_)
        # have multiple threads competing to complete the composite members
        seen = set()
        failed = [False]
        def cycle_enum():
            # nonlocal failed
            try:
                for i in range(256):
                    seen.add(TestFlag(i))
            except Exception:
                failed[0] = True
        threads = [
                threading.Thread(target=cycle_enum)
                for _ in range(8)
                ]
        for t in threads:
            t.start()
        for t in threads:
            t.join()
        # check that only 248 members were created (8 were created originally)
        self.assertFalse(
                failed[0],
                'at least one thread failed while creating composite members')
        self.assertEqual(256, len(seen), 'too many composite members created')

    def test_init_with_autovalue_and_generate_next_value(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            _init_ = 'value code'
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, last_values, *args, **kwds):
                if not count:
                    return ((1, start)[start is not None], ) + args
                error = False
                for last_value in reversed(last_values):
                    try:
                        high_bit = aenum._high_bit(last_value)
                        break
                    except Exception:
                        error = True
                        break
                if error:
                    raise TypeError('Invalid Flag value: %r' % (last_value, ))
                return (2 ** (high_bit+1), ) + args
            # TODO: actually test _create_pseudo_member
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                pseudo_member = super(Color, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value)
                pseudo_member.code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                return pseudo_member
            AllReset = '0'           # ESC [ 0 m       # reset all (colors and brightness)
            Bright = '1'          # ESC [ 1 m       # bright
            Dim = '2'             # ESC [ 2 m       # dim (looks same as normal brightness)
            Underline = '4'
            Normal = '22'         # ESC [ 22 m      # normal brightness
        # if we got here, we're good

    def test_autovalue_and_generate_next_value(self):
        class Color(str, Flag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (2 ** count, ) + args
            # TODO: actually test _create_pseudo_member
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                # calculate the code
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                pseudo_member = super(Color, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value, code)
                return pseudo_member
            #
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
        # if we got here, we're good

    def test_subclass(self):
        class Color(str, Flag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (2 ** count, ) + args
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                # calculate the code
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                pseudo_member = super(Color, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value, code)
                return pseudo_member
            #
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, str))
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black, '\x1b[30m')
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black.code, '30')

    def test_sub_subclass_1(self):
        class StrFlag(str, Flag):
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                # calculate the code
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                pseudo_member = super(Color, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value, code)
                return pseudo_member
        class Color(StrFlag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, str))
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black, '\x1b[30m')
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black.code, '30')

    def test_sub_subclass_2(self):
        class StrFlag(str, Flag):
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (2 ** count, ) + args
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                # calculate the code
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                pseudo_member = super(Color, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value, code)
                return pseudo_member
            #
        class Color(StrFlag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, str))
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black, '\x1b[30m')
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black.code, '30')

    def test_sub_subclass_3(self):
        class StrFlag(str, Flag):
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                # calculate the code
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                pseudo_member = super(Color, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value, code)
                return pseudo_member
            #
        class Color(StrFlag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, str))
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black, '\x1b[30m')
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black.code, '30')

    def test_sub_subclass_4(self):
        class StrFlag(str, Flag):
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_values_(cls, members, *values):
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                return values + (code, )
            #
        class Color(StrFlag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
            #
            def __repr__(self):
                return '<%s.%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, str))
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black, '\x1b[30m')
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black.code, '30')
        colors = Color.BG_Magenta | Color.FG_Black
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(colors, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(colors, str))
        self.assertEqual(colors, '\x1b[30;45m')
        self.assertEqual(colors.code, '30;45')
        self.assertEqual(repr(colors), '<Color.FG_Black|BG_Magenta>')

    def test_sub_subclass_with_new_new(self):
        class StrFlag(str, Flag):
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                # calculate the code
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                pseudo_member = super(StrFlag, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value, code)
                return pseudo_member
            #
        class Color(StrFlag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
            def __new__(cls, value, string, abbr):
                str_value = (abbr or '').title()
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = string
                obj.abbr = abbr
                return obj
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30', 'blk'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31', 'red'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32', 'grn'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34', 'blu'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43', 'ylw'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45', 'mag'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46', 'cyn'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47', 'wht'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
            #
            def __repr__(self):
                if self._name_ is not None:
                    return '<%s.%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
                else:
                    return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, '|'.join([m.name for m in self]))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.FG_Black, str))
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black, 'Blk', str.__repr__(Color.FG_Black))
        self.assertEqual(Color.FG_Black.abbr, 'blk')

    def test_subclass_with_default_new(self):
        class MyFlag(str, Flag):
            _order_ = 'this these theother'
            this = 'that'
            these = 'those'
            theother = 'thingimibobs'
        self.assertEqual(MyFlag.this, 'that')
        self.assertEqual(MyFlag.this.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(MyFlag.these, 'those')
        self.assertEqual(MyFlag.these.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(MyFlag.theother, 'thingimibobs')
        self.assertEqual(MyFlag.theother.value, 4)

    def test_subclass_a_bunch(self):
        class Color(str, Flag):
            _order_ = 'FG_Black FG_Red FG_Green FG_Blue BG_Yellow BG_Magenta BG_Cyan BG_White'
            def __new__(cls, value, code):
                str_value = '\x1b[%sm' % code
                obj = str.__new__(cls, str_value)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.code = code
                return obj
            @staticmethod
            def _generate_next_value_(name, start, count, values, *args, **kwds):
                return (2 ** count, ) + args
            @classmethod
            def _create_pseudo_member_(cls, value):
                # calculate the code
                members = list(cls._iter_member_(value))
                code = ';'.join(m.code for m in members)
                pseudo_member = super(Color, cls)._create_pseudo_member_(value, code)
                return pseudo_member
            #
                                      # # FOREGROUND - 30s  BACKGROUND - 40s:
            FG_Black = '30'           # ESC [ 30 m      # black
            FG_Red = '31'             # ESC [ 31 m      # red
            FG_Green = '32'           # ESC [ 32 m      # green
            FG_Blue = '34'            # ESC [ 34 m      # blue
                                      #
            BG_Yellow = '43'          # ESC [ 33 m      # yellow
            BG_Magenta = '45'         # ESC [ 35 m      # magenta
            BG_Cyan = '46'            # ESC [ 36 m      # cyan
            BG_White = '47'           # ESC [ 37 m      # white
            #
            def __repr__(self):
                if self._name_ is not None:
                    return '<%s.%s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self._name_)
                else:
                    return '<%s: %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, '|'.join([m.name for m in self]))
        #
        Purple = Color.BG_Magenta | Color.FG_Blue
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Purple, Color))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Purple, str))
        self.assertIs(Purple, Color.BG_Magenta | Color.FG_Blue)
        self.assertEqual(Purple, '\x1b[34;45m')
        self.assertEqual(Purple.code, '34;45')
        self.assertEqual(Purple.name, 'FG_Blue|BG_Magenta')

    def test_init_subclass(self):
        class MyEnum(Flag):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(MyEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                self.assertFalse(cls.__dict__.get('_test', False))
                cls._test1 = 'MyEnum'
        #
        class TheirEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(TheirEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                cls._test2 = 'TheirEnum'
        class WhoseEnum(TheirEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NoEnum(WhoseEnum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(TheirEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'TheirEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))
        #
        class OurEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                cls._test2 = 'OurEnum'
        class WhereEnum(OurEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NeverEnum(WhereEnum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(OurEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertFalse(WhereEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertEqual(WhereEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'OurEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))

    def test_int_long_conversion(self):
        class Perm(Flag):
            EXEC    = 1 << 0
            WRITE   = 1 << 1
            READ    = 1 << 2
            MSB32   = 1 << 31
            MSB64   = 1 << 63

        # 32-bit system test
        self.assertEqual(Perm.MSB32, Perm(0x80000000))
        self.assertEqual(Perm.WRITE|Perm.MSB32, Perm(0x80000002))

        # 64-bit system test
        self.assertEqual(Perm.MSB64, Perm(0x8000000000000000))
        self.assertEqual(Perm.MSB64|Perm.WRITE, Perm(0x8000000000000002))


class TestIntFlag(TestCase):
    """Tests of the IntFlags."""

    def setUp(self):
        #
        class Perm(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'R W X'
            R = 1 << 2
            W = 1 << 1
            X = 1 << 0
        #
        class Color(IntFlag):
            BLACK = 0
            RED = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 4
            PURPLE = RED|BLUE
        #
        class Open(IntFlag):
            "not a good flag candidate"
            RO = 0
            WO = 1
            RW = 2
            AC = 3
            CE = 1<<19
        #
        self.Perm = Perm
        self.Color = Color
        self.Open = Open

    def test_set_name(self):
        class Descriptor(object):
            name = None
            def __get__(self, instance, owner_class=None):
                if instance is None:
                    return self
                else:
                    return instance.__dict__[self.name]
            def __set__(self, instance, value):
                instance.__dict__[self.name] = value
            def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
                self.name = name
        #
        class AnEnum(Enum):
            ONE = 1
            two = Descriptor()
        #
        self.assertEqual(list(AnEnum), [AnEnum.ONE])
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.two.name, 'two')
        AnEnum.ONE.two = 'three'
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.two, 'three')
        self.assertEqual(AnEnum.ONE.__dict__['two'], 'three')

    def test_private_names(self):
        class Private(Enum):
            __corporal = 'Radar'
            __major_ = 'Hoolihan'
        self.assertEqual(len(Private), 0)
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__corporal, 'Radar')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__corporal, Enum))
        self.assertEqual(Private._Private__major_, 'Hoolihan')
        self.assertFalse(isinstance(Private._Private__major_, Enum))

    def test_membership(self):
        Color = self.Color
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'GREEN' in Color)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'RW' in Open)
        self.assertTrue(Color.GREEN in Color)
        self.assertTrue(Open.RW in Open)
        self.assertFalse(Color.GREEN in Open)
        self.assertFalse(Open.RW in Color)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 2 in Color)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 2 in Open)

    def test_member_contains(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 'test' in Color.RED)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: 1 in Color.RED)
        self.assertTrue(Color.RED in Color.RED)
        self.assertTrue(Color.RED in Color.PURPLE)

    def test_name_lookup(self):
        Color = self.Color
        self.assertTrue(Color.RED is Color['RED'])
        self.assertTrue(Color.RED|Color.GREEN is Color['RED|GREEN'])
        self.assertTrue(Color.PURPLE is Color['RED|BLUE'])

    def test_type(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, Perm))
            self.assertEqual(f, f.value)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Perm.W | Perm.X, Perm))
        self.assertEqual(Perm.W | Perm.X, 3)
        for f in Open:
            self.assertTrue(isinstance(f, Open))
            self.assertEqual(f, f.value)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Open.WO | Open.RW, Open))
        self.assertEqual(Open.WO | Open.RW, 3)


    def test_str(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R), '4')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.W), '2')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.X), '1')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W), '6')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), '7')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(0)), '0')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.R), '3')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.W), '5')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Perm.X), '6')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), '1')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), '0')
        self.assertEqual(str(Perm(~0)), '7')

        Open = self.Open
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO), '0')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO), '1')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.AC), '3')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.RO | Open.CE), '524288')
        self.assertEqual(str(Open.WO | Open.CE), '524289')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.RO), '524291')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.WO), '524290')
        self.assertEqual(str(~Open.AC), '524288')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), '3')
        self.assertEqual(str(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), '2')

    def test_repr_strict(self):
        class Perm(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'R W X'
            R = 1 << 2
            W = 1 << 1
            X = 1 << 0
        Perm._boundary_ = aenum.STRICT
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R), '<Perm.R: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.W), '<Perm.W: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.X), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(0)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.R), '<Perm.W|X: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.W), '<Perm.R|X: 5>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), '<Perm: 0>')
        #
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r'invalid value: 12'):
            repr(Perm.R | 8)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r'invalid value: 12'):
            repr(~(Perm.R | 8))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r'invalid value: -9'):
            repr(Perm(~8))

    def test_repr_conform(self):
        class Perm(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'R W X'
            R = 1 << 2
            W = 1 << 1
            X = 1 << 0
        Perm._boundary_ = aenum.CONFORM
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R), '<Perm.R: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.W), '<Perm.W: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.X), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(0)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.R), '<Perm.W|X: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.W), '<Perm.R|X: 5>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | 8), '<Perm.R: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(8)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | 8)), '<Perm.W|X: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(~8)), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')

    def test_repr_eject(self):
        class Perm(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'R W X'
            _boundary_ = EJECT
            R = 1 << 2
            W = 1 << 1
            X = 1 << 0
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R), '<Perm.R: 4>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.W), '<Perm.W: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.X), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W|X: 7>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(0)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.R), '<Perm.W|X: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.W), '<Perm.R|X: 5>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Perm.X), '<Perm.R|W: 6>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W)), '<Perm.X: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X)), '<Perm: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm.R | 8), '12')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(8)), '8')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Perm.R | 8)), '-13')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Perm(~8)), '-9')

    def test_repr_open(self):
        class Open(IntFlag):
            "not a good flag candidate"
            RO = 0
            WO = 1
            RW = 2
            AC = 3
            CE = 1<<19
        Open._boundary_ = aenum.STRICT
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO), '<Open.RO: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO), '<Open.WO: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.AC), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO | Open.CE), '<Open.WO|CE: 524289>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.RO), '<Open.WO|RW|CE: 524291>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.WO), '<Open.RW|CE: 524290>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.AC), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), '<Open.RW: 2>')
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r'invalid value: -5'):
            repr(Open(~4))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r'invalid value: 4'):
            repr(Open(4))
        #
        class Open(IntFlag):
            "not a good flag candidate"
            RO = 0
            WO = 1
            RW = 2
            AC = 3
            CE = 1<<19
        Open._boundary_ = aenum.CONFORM
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO), '<Open.RO: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO), '<Open.WO: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.AC), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO | Open.CE), '<Open.WO|CE: 524289>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.RO), '<Open.WO|RW|CE: 524291>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.WO), '<Open.RW|CE: 524290>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.AC), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), '<Open.RW: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open(~4)), '<Open.WO|RW|CE: 524291>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open(4)), '<Open.RO: 0>')
        #
        class Open(IntFlag):
            "not a good flag candidate"
            RO = 0
            WO = 1
            RW = 2
            AC = 3
            CE = 1<<19
        Open._boundary_ = aenum.EJECT
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO), '<Open.RO: 0>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO), '<Open.WO: 1>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.AC), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.RO | Open.CE), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open.WO | Open.CE), '<Open.WO|CE: 524289>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.RO), '<Open.WO|RW|CE: 524291>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.WO), '<Open.RW|CE: 524290>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~Open.AC), '<Open.CE: 524288>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.RO | Open.CE)), '<Open.AC: 3>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(~(Open.WO | Open.CE)), '<Open.RW: 2>')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open(~4)), '-5')
        self.assertEqual(repr(Open(4)), '4')

    def test_or(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual(i | j, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i | j, i.value | j)
                self.assertEqual((i | j).value, i.value | j)
                self.assertIs(type(i | j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j | i, j | i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j | i).value, j | i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j | i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i | i, i)
            self.assertIs(i | 0, i)
            self.assertIs(0 | i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO | Open.CE, Open.CE)

    def test_and(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            for j in values:
                self.assertEqual(i & j, i.value & j.value, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j.value, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm, 'i is %r, j is %r' % (i, j))
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i & j, i.value & j)
                self.assertEqual((i & j).value, i.value & j)
                self.assertIs(type(i & j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j & i, j & i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j & i).value, j & i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j & i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i & i, i)
            self.assertIs(i & 7, i)
            self.assertIs(7 & i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO & Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_xor(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for i in Perm:
            for j in Perm:
                self.assertEqual(i ^ j, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j.value)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
            for j in range(8):
                self.assertEqual(i ^ j, i.value ^ j)
                self.assertEqual((i ^ j).value, i.value ^ j)
                self.assertIs(type(i ^ j), Perm)
                self.assertEqual(j ^ i, j ^ i.value)
                self.assertEqual((j ^ i).value, j ^ i.value)
                self.assertIs(type(j ^ i), Perm)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(i ^ 0, i)
            self.assertIs(0 ^ i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.RO ^ Open.CE, Open.CE)
        self.assertIs(Open.CE ^ Open.CE, Open.RO)

    def test_invert(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        RW = Perm.R | Perm.W
        RX = Perm.R | Perm.X
        WX = Perm.W | Perm.X
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        values = list(Perm) + [RW, RX, WX, RWX, Perm(0)]
        for i in values:
            self.assertEqual(~i, (~i).value)
            self.assertIs(type(~i), Perm)
            self.assertEqual(~~i, i)
        for i in Perm:
            self.assertIs(~~i, i)
        Open = self.Open
        self.assertIs(Open.WO & ~Open.WO, Open.RO)
        self.assertIs((Open.WO|Open.CE) & ~Open.WO, Open.CE)

    def test_iter(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        NoPerm = Perm.R ^ Perm.R
        RWX = Perm.R | Perm.W | Perm.X
        self.assertEqual(list(NoPerm), [])
        self.assertEqual(list(Perm.R), [Perm.R])
        self.assertEqual(list(RWX), [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])

    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', 'R W X')
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', 'R W X', start=8)
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 8<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', ['R', 'W', 'X'])
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<i
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', (('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32)))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
        Perm = IntFlag('Perm', OrderedDict((('R', 2), ('W', 8), ('X', 32))))
        lst = list(Perm)
        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Perm))
        self.assertEqual(len(Perm), 3, Perm)
        self.assertEqual(lst, [Perm.R, Perm.W, Perm.X])
        for i, n in enumerate('R W X'.split()):
            v = 1<<(2*i+1)
            e = Perm(v)
            self.assertEqual(e.value, v)
            self.assertEqual(type(e.value), int)
            self.assertEqual(e, v)
            self.assertEqual(e.name, n)
            self.assertIn(e, Perm)
            self.assertIs(type(e), Perm)

    def test_containment(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        R, W, X = Perm
        RW = R | W
        RX = R | X
        WX = W | X
        RWX = R | W | X
        self.assertTrue(R in RW)
        self.assertTrue(R in RX)
        self.assertTrue(R in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RW)
        self.assertTrue(W in WX)
        self.assertTrue(W in RWX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RX)
        self.assertTrue(X in WX)
        self.assertTrue(X in RWX)
        self.assertFalse(R in WX)
        self.assertFalse(W in RX)
        self.assertFalse(X in RW)

    def test_bool(self):
        Perm = self.Perm
        for f in Perm:
            self.assertTrue(f)
        Open = self.Open
        for f in Open:
            self.assertEqual(bool(f.value), bool(f))

    def test_multiple_mixin(self):
        class AllMixin(object):
            @classproperty
            def ALL(cls):
                members = list(cls)
                all_value = None
                if members:
                    all_value = members[0]
                    for member in members[1:]:
                        all_value |= member
                cls.ALL = all_value
                return all_value
        class StrMixin(object):
            def __str__(self):
                return self._name_.lower()
        class Color(AllMixin, IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), '4')
        class Color(AllMixin, StrMixin, IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')
        class Color(StrMixin, AllMixin, IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'RED GREEN BLUE'
            __str__ = StrMixin.__str__
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        self.assertEqual(Color.RED.value, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.GREEN.value, 2)
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLUE.value, 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.ALL.value, 7)
        self.assertEqual(str(Color.BLUE), 'blue')

    @unittest.skipUnless(threading, 'Threading required for this test.')
    def test_unique_composite(self):
        # override __eq__ to be identity only
        class TestFlag(IntFlag):
            _order_ = 'one two three four five six seven eight'
            one = auto()
            two = auto()
            three = auto()
            four = auto()
            five = auto()
            six = auto()
            seven = auto()
            eight = auto()
            def __eq__(self, other):
                return self is other
            def __hash__(self):
                return hash(self._value_)
        # have multiple threads competing to complete the composite members
        seen = set()
        failed = [False]
        def cycle_enum():
            # nonlocal failed
            try:
                for i in range(256):
                    seen.add(TestFlag(i))
            except Exception:
                failed[0] = True
        threads = [
                threading.Thread(target=cycle_enum)
                for _ in range(8)
                ]
        for t in threads:
            t.start()
        for t in threads:
            t.join()
        # check that only 248 members were created (8 were created originally)
        self.assertFalse(
                failed[0],
                'at least one thread failed while creating composite members')
        self.assertEqual(256, len(seen), 'too many composite members created')

    def test_init_subclass(self):
        class MyEnum(IntEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(MyEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                self.assertFalse(cls.__dict__.get('_test', False))
                cls._test1 = 'MyEnum'
        #
        class TheirEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(TheirEnum, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                cls._test2 = 'TheirEnum'
        class WhoseEnum(TheirEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NoEnum(WhoseEnum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(TheirEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertEqual(WhoseEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'TheirEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NoEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))
        #
        class OurEnum(MyEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                cls._test2 = 'OurEnum'
        class WhereEnum(OurEnum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                pass
        class NeverEnum(WhereEnum):
            ONE = 1
        self.assertEqual(OurEnum.__dict__['_test1'], 'MyEnum')
        self.assertFalse(WhereEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertEqual(WhereEnum.__dict__['_test2'], 'OurEnum')
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test1', False))
        self.assertFalse(NeverEnum.__dict__.get('_test2', False))



class TestEmptyAndNonLatinStrings(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_empty_string(self):
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            empty_abc = Enum('empty_abc', ('', 'B', 'C'))

    def test_non_latin_character_string(self):
        greek_abc = Enum('greek_abc', ('\u03B1', 'B', 'C'))
        item = getattr(greek_abc, '\u03B1')
        self.assertEqual(item.value, 1)

    def test_non_latin_number_string(self):
        hebrew_123 = Enum('hebrew_123', ('\u05D0', '2', '3'))
        item = getattr(hebrew_123, '\u05D0')
        self.assertEqual(item.value, 1)


class TestUnique(TestCase):
    """2.4 doesn't allow class decorators, use function syntax."""

    def test_unique_clean(self):
        class Clean(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            tres = 4.0
        unique(Clean)
        class Cleaner(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            double = 2
            triple = 3
        unique(Cleaner)

    def test_unique_dirty(self):
        try:
            class Dirty(Enum):
                __order__ = 'one two'
                one = 1
                two = 'dos'
                tres = 1
            unique(Dirty)
        except ValueError:
            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            message = exc.args[0]
        self.assertTrue('tres -> one' in message)

        try:
            class Dirtier(IntEnum):
                __order__ = 'single triple'
                single = 1
                double = 1
                triple = 3
                turkey = 3
            unique(Dirtier)
        except ValueError:
            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            message = exc.args[0]
        self.assertTrue('double -> single' in message)
        self.assertTrue('turkey -> triple' in message)

    def test_unique_with_name(self):
        @unique
        class Silly(Enum):
            one = 1
            two = 'dos'
            name = 3
        @unique
        class Sillier(IntEnum):
            single = 1
            name = 2
            triple = 3
            value = 4


class TestNamedTuple(TestCase):

    def test_explicit_indexing(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            age = 0
            first = 1
            last = 2
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_implicit_indexing(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            __order__ = "age first last"
            age = "person's age"
            first = "person's first name"
            last = "person's last name"
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_mixed_indexing(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            __order__ = "age last cars"
            age = "person's age"
            last = 2, "person's last name"
            cars = "person's cars"
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe', 3)
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe', 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[3], 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[3], 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.cars, 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.cars, 9)

    def test_issubclass(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            age = 0
            first = 1
            last = 2
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, tuple))

    def test_isinstance(self):
        class Person(NamedTuple):
            age = 0
            first = 1
            last = 2
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, Person))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, tuple))

    def test_explicit_indexing_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', (('age', 0), ('first', 1), ('last', 2)))
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_implicit_indexing_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.first, 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')

    def test_mixed_indexing_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', (('age', 0), ('last', 2), ('cars', 3)))
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe', 3)
        p2 = Person(21, 'Jane', 'Doe', 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[3], 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2[0], 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2[1], 'Jane')
        self.assertEqual(p2[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2[3], 9)
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.cars, 3)
        self.assertEqual(p2.age, 21)
        self.assertEqual(p2.last, 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p2.cars, 9)

    def test_issubclass_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Person, tuple))

    def test_isinstance_after_functional_api(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(17, 'John', 'Doe')
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, Person))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, NamedTuple))
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(p1, tuple))

    def test_creation_with_all_keywords(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(age=17, first='John', last='Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')

    def test_creation_with_some_keywords(self):
        Person = NamedTuple('Person', 'age first last')
        p1 = Person(17, first='John', last='Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')
        p1 = Person(17, last='Doe', first='John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[0], 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1[1], 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1[2], 'Doe')
        self.assertEqual(p1.age, 17)
        self.assertEqual(p1.first, 'John')
        self.assertEqual(p1.last, 'Doe')

    def test_custom_new(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            title = 0
            author = 1
            genre = 2
            def __new__(cls, string):
                args = [s.strip() for s in string.split(';')]
                return super(Book, cls).__new__(cls, *tuple(args))
        b1 = Book('The Last Mohican; John Doe; Historical')
        self.assertEqual(b1.title, 'The Last Mohican')
        self.assertEqual(b1.author, 'John Doe')
        self.assertEqual(b1.genre, 'Historical')

    def test_defaults_in_class(self):
        class Character(NamedTuple):
            name = 0
            gender = 1, None, 'male'
            klass = 2, None, 'fighter'
        for char in (
                {'name':'John Doe'},
                {'name':'William Pickney', 'klass':'scholar'},
                {'name':'Sarah Doughtery', 'gender':'female'},
                {'name':'Sissy Moonbeam', 'gender':'female', 'klass':'sorceress'},
                ):
            c = Character(**char)
            for name, value in (('name', None), ('gender','male'), ('klass','fighter')):
                if name in char:
                    value = char[name]
                self.assertEqual(getattr(c, name), value)

    def test_defaults_in_class_that_are_falsey(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizondal coordinate', 0
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', 0
        p = Point()
        self.assertEqual(p.x, 0)
        self.assertEqual(p.y, 0)

    def test_pickle_namedtuple_with_module(self):
        if isinstance(LifeForm, Exception):
            raise LifeForm
        lf = LifeForm('this', 'that', 'theother')
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, lf)

    def test_pickle_namedtuple_without_module(self):
        if isinstance(DeathForm, Exception):
            raise DeathForm
        df = DeathForm('sickly green', '2x4', 'foul')
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, df)

    def test_subclassing(self):
        if isinstance(ThatsIt, Exception):
            raise ThatsIt
        ti = ThatsIt('Henry', 'Weinhardt')
        self.assertEqual(ti.blah, 'Henry')
        self.assertTrue(ti.what(), 'Henry')
        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, ti)

    def test_contains(self):
        Book = NamedTuple('Book', 'title author genre')
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)

    def test_fixed_size(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            _size_ = TupleSize.fixed
            title = 0
            author = 1
            genre = 2
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, 'Teckla', 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, 'Teckla')

    def test_minimum_size(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            _size_ = TupleSize.minimum
            title = 0
            author = 1
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, 'Teckla')

    def test_variable_size(self):
        class Book(NamedTuple):
            _size_ = TupleSize.variable
            title = 0
            author = 1
            genre = 2
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust', 'fantasy')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertTrue('fantasy' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertEqual(b.genre, 'fantasy')
        b = Book('Teckla', 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertTrue('Teckla' in b)
        self.assertTrue('Steven Brust' in b)
        self.assertEqual(b.title, 'Teckla')
        self.assertEqual(b.author, 'Steven Brust')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, getattr, b, 'genre')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, title='Teckla', genre='fantasy')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, Book, author='Steven Brust')

    def test_combining_namedtuples(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizontal coordinate', 1
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', -1
        class Color(NamedTuple):
            r = 0, 'red component', 11
            g = 1, 'green component', 29
            b = 2, 'blue component', 37
        Pixel1 = NamedTuple('Pixel', Point+Color, module=__name__)
        class Pixel2(Point, Color):
            "a colored dot"
        class Pixel3(Point):
            r = 2, 'red component', 11
            g = 3, 'green component', 29
            b = 4, 'blue component', 37
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1._fields_, 'x y r g b'.split())
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.x.__doc__, 'horizontal coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.x.default, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.y.__doc__, 'vertical coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.y.default, -1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.r.__doc__, 'red component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.r.default, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.g.__doc__, 'green component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.g.default, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.b.__doc__, 'blue component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel1.b.default, 37)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2._fields_, 'x y r g b'.split())
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.x.__doc__, 'horizontal coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.x.default, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.y.__doc__, 'vertical coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.y.default, -1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.r.__doc__, 'red component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.r.default, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.g.__doc__, 'green component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.g.default, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.b.__doc__, 'blue component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel2.b.default, 37)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3._fields_, 'x y r g b'.split())
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.x.__doc__, 'horizontal coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.x.default, 1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.y.__doc__, 'vertical coordinate')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.y.default, -1)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.r.__doc__, 'red component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.r.default, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.g.__doc__, 'green component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.g.default, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.b.__doc__, 'blue component')
        self.assertEqual(Pixel3.b.default, 37)

    def test_function_api_type(self):
        class Tester(NamedTuple):
            def howdy(self):
                return 'backwards', list(reversed(self))
        Testee = NamedTuple('Testee', 'a c e', type=Tester)
        t = Testee(1, 2, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.howdy(), ('backwards', [3, 2, 1]))

    def test_asdict(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizontal coordinate', 1
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', -1
        class Color(NamedTuple):
            r = 0, 'red component', 11
            g = 1, 'green component', 29
            b = 2, 'blue component', 37
        Pixel = NamedTuple('Pixel', Point+Color, module=__name__)
        pixel = Pixel(99, -101, 255, 128, 0)
        self.assertEqual(pixel._asdict(), {'x':99, 'y':-101, 'r':255, 'g':128, 'b':0})

    def test_make(self):
        class Point(NamedTuple):
            x = 0, 'horizontal coordinate', 1
            y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', -1
        self.assertEqual(Point(4, 5), (4, 5))
        self.assertEqual(Point._make((4, 5)), (4, 5))

    def test_replace(self):
        class Color(NamedTuple):
            r = 0, 'red component', 11
            g = 1, 'green component', 29
            b = 2, 'blue component', 37
        purple = Color(127, 0, 127)
        mid_gray = purple._replace(g=127)
        self.assertEqual(mid_gray, (127, 127, 127))


class TestNamedConstant(TestCase):

    def test_constantness(self):
        class K(NamedConstant):
            PI = 3.141596
            TAU = 2 * PI
        self.assertEqual(K.PI, 3.141596)
        self.assertEqual(K.TAU, 2 * K.PI)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, r'cannot rebind constant'):
            K.PI = 9
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, r'cannot delete constant'):
            del K.PI
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(AttributeError, r'cannot rebind constant'):
            K('PI', 3)
        self.assertTrue(K.PI in K)
        self.assertTrue(K.TAU in K)

    def test_duplicates(self):
        class CardNumber(NamedConstant):
            ACE      = 11
            TWO      = 2
            THREE    = 3
            FOUR     = 4
            FIVE     = 5
            SIX      = 6
            SEVEN    = 7
            EIGHT    = 8
            NINE     = 9
            TEN      = 10
            JACK     = 10
            QUEEN    = 10
            KING     = 10
        self.assertFalse(CardNumber.TEN is CardNumber.JACK)
        self.assertEqual(CardNumber.TEN, CardNumber.JACK)
        self.assertEqual(CardNumber.TEN, 10)

    def test_extend_constants(self):
        class CardSuit(NamedConstant):
            HEARTS = 1
            SPADES = 2
            DIAMONTS = 3
            CLUBS = 4
        self.assertEqual(CardSuit.HEARTS, 1)
        stars = CardSuit('STARS', 5)
        self.assertIs(stars, CardSuit.STARS)
        self.assertEqual(CardSuit.STARS, 5)
        self.assertTrue(CardSuit.STARS in CardSuit)

    def test_constant_with_docstring(self):
        class Stuff(NamedConstant):
            Artifact = constant(7, "lucky number!")
            Bowling = 11
            HillWomp = constant(29, 'blah blah')
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Artifact, 7)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Artifact.__doc__, 'lucky number!')
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Bowling, 11)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.Bowling.__doc__, None)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.HillWomp, 29)
        self.assertEqual(Stuff.HillWomp.__doc__, 'blah blah')

    def test_deep_copy(self):
        import copy
        class APITypes(aenum.Constant):
            STRING = "string"
            INT = "int"
        APITypes('string')
        d = {"first": APITypes.STRING}
        copy.deepcopy(d)
        self.assertTrue(d['first'] is APITypes.STRING)

    def test_subclass_w_same_value(self):
        class Foo(aenum.Constant):
            BLA = 'bla1'
            ABA = 'aba1'
        class Bar(aenum.Constant):
            BLA = Foo.BLA
            ABA = 'aba2'
        self.assertEqual(Foo.BLA, Bar.BLA)
        self.assertFalse(Foo.BLA is Bar.BLA)


class TestStarImport(TestCase):

    def test_all_exports_names(self):
        scope = {}
        exec('from aenum import *', scope, scope)
        self.assertIn('Enum', scope)

class TestStackoverflowAnswers(TestCase):

    def test_self_referential_directions(self):
        # https://stackoverflow.com/a/64000706/208880
        class Directions(Enum):
            _order_ = 'NORTH WEST SOUTH EAST'
            #
            NORTH = 1, 0
            WEST = 0, 1
            SOUTH = -1, 0
            EAST = 0, -1
            #
            def __init__(self, x, y):
                self.x = x
                self.y = y
                if len(self.__class__):
                    # make links
                    all = list(self.__class__)
                    left, right = all[0], all[-1]
                    self.left = left
                    self.right = right
                    left.right = self
                    right.left = self
        #
        D = Directions
        self.assertEqual(D.NORTH.value, (1, 0))
        self.assertTrue(D.NORTH.left is D.WEST)
        self.assertTrue(D.SOUTH.right is D.WEST)

    def test_self_referential_rock_paper_scissors(self):
        # https://stackoverflow.com/a/57085357/208880
        class RPS(Enum):
            _order_ = 'Rock, Paper, Scissors'
            #
            Rock = "rock"
            Paper = "paper"
            Scissors = "scissors"
            #
            def __init__(self, value):
                if len(self.__class__):
                    # make links
                    all = list(self.__class__)
                    first, previous = all[0], all[-1]
                    first.beats = self
                    self.beats = previous
        #
        self.assertTrue(RPS.Rock.beats is RPS.Scissors)
        self.assertTrue(RPS.Scissors.beats is RPS.Paper)
        self.assertTrue(RPS.Paper.beats is RPS.Rock)

    def test_arduino_headers(self):
        # https://stackoverflow.com/q/65048495/208880
        class CHeader(Enum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                # write Enums to C header file
                cls_name = cls.__name__
                header_path = getattr(cls, '_%s__header' % cls_name)
                with open(header_path, 'w') as fh:
                    fh.write('initial header stuff here\n')
                    for enum in cls:
                        fh.write('#define %s %r\n' % (enum.name, enum.value))
        class Arduino(CHeader):
            _order_ = 'ONE TWO'
            __header = os.path.join(tempdir, 'arduino.h')
            ONE = 1
            TWO = 2
        with open(os.path.join(tempdir, 'arduino.h')) as fh:
                data = fh.read()
        self.assertEqual(textwrap.dedent("""\
                initial header stuff here
                #define ONE 1
                #define TWO 2
                """),
                data,
                )

    def test_lowercase_compare(self):
        # https://stackoverflow.com/q/65139026/208880
        class CompareLowerCase(Enum):
            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwds):
                super(CompareLowerCase, cls).__init_subclass__(**kwds)
                cls.lowered_names = set([m.name.lower() for m in cls])
            @classmethod
            def has_name(cls, name):
                return name.lower() in cls.lowered_names
        #
        class LabelEnum(CompareLowerCase, StrEnum):
            ENUM_ONE = "Enum One"
            ENUM_TWO = "Enum Two"
            ENUM_THREE = "Enum Three"
            FOUR = "FOUR"
            FIVE = "FIVE"
            SIX = "SIX"
        #
        self.assertTrue(LabelEnum.has_name('Enum_Three'))


class TestExtendEnum(TestCase):

    def test_extend_enum_plain(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'already in use as', extend_enum, Color, 'blue', 5)
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'brown', 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.name, 'brown')
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.value, 4)
        self.assertTrue(Color.brown in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(4), Color.brown)
        self.assertEqual(Color['brown'], Color.brown)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 4)
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.name, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.value, 5)
        self.assertTrue(Color.mauve in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(5), Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(Color['mauve'], Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 5)

    def test_extend_enum_alias(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        extend_enum(Color, 'rojo', 1)
        self.assertEqual(Color.rojo.name, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.rojo.value, 1)
        self.assertTrue(Color.rojo in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(1), Color.rojo)
        self.assertEqual(Color['rojo'], Color.red)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3)

    def test_extend_enum_unique(self):
        class Color(UniqueEnum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r'<Color.rojo: 1> is a duplicate of <Color.red: 1>', extend_enum, Color, 'rojo', 1)
        #
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.name, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertTrue(Color.red in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(1), Color.red)
        self.assertEqual(Color['red'], Color.red)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.name, 'green')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 2)
        self.assertTrue(Color.green in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(2), Color.green)
        self.assertEqual(Color['blue'], Color.blue)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.name, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 3)
        self.assertTrue(Color.blue in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(3), Color.blue)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3)
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'brown', 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.name, 'brown')
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.value, 4)
        self.assertTrue(Color.brown in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(4), Color.brown)
        self.assertEqual(Color['brown'], Color.brown)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 4)
        #
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, '', extend_enum, Color, 'verde', 2)
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.name, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.value, 5)
        self.assertTrue(Color.mauve in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(5), Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(Color['mauve'], Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 5)


    def test_extend_enum_shadow_property(self):
        class Color(Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        extend_enum(Color, 'value', 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.value.name, 'value')
        self.assertEqual(Color.value.value, 4)
        self.assertTrue(Color.value in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(4), Color.value)
        self.assertEqual(Color['value'], Color.value)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 4)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)

    def test_extend_enum_shadow_base(self):
        class hohum(object):
            def cyan(self):
                "cyanize a color"
                return self.value
        class Color(hohum, Enum):
            red = 1
            green = 2
            blue = 3
        self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r'already in use in superclass', extend_enum, Color, 'cyan', 4)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3)
        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])

    def test_extend_enum_multivalue(self):
        class Color(MultiValueEnum):
            red = 1, 4, 7
            green = 2, 5, 8
            blue = 3, 6, 9
        extend_enum(Color, 'brown', 10, 20)
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.name, 'brown')
        self.assertEqual(Color.brown.value, 10)
        self.assertTrue(Color.brown in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(10), Color.brown)
        self.assertEqual(Color(20), Color.brown)
        self.assertEqual(Color['brown'], Color.brown)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 4)
        #
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'no values specified for MultiValue enum', extend_enum, Color, 'mauve')

    def test_extend_enum_multivalue_alias(self):
        class Color(MultiValueEnum):
            red = 1, 4, 7
            green = 2, 5, 8
            blue = 3, 6, 9
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, r'<Color.rojo: 7> is a duplicate of <Color.red: 1>', extend_enum, Color, 'rojo', 7)
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.name, 'red')
        self.assertEqual(Color.red.value, 1)
        self.assertTrue(Color.red in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(1), Color.red)
        self.assertEqual(Color(4), Color.red)
        self.assertEqual(Color(7), Color.red)
        self.assertEqual(Color['red'], Color.red)
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.name, 'green')
        self.assertEqual(Color.green.value, 2)
        self.assertTrue(Color.green in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(2), Color.green)
        self.assertEqual(Color(5), Color.green)
        self.assertEqual(Color(8), Color.green)
        self.assertEqual(Color['blue'], Color.blue)
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.name, 'blue')
        self.assertEqual(Color.blue.value, 3)
        self.assertTrue(Color.blue in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(3), Color.blue)
        self.assertEqual(Color(6), Color.blue)
        self.assertEqual(Color(9), Color.blue)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3)

    def test_extend_enum_multivalue_str(self):
        class M(str, MultiValueEnum):
            VALUE_1 = 'value_1', 'VALUE_1'
            VALUE_2 = 'value_2', 'VALUE_2'
            VALUE_3 = 'value_3', 'VALUE_3'
        self.assertTrue(M._member_type_ is str)
        extend_enum(M, 'VALUE_4', 'value_4', 'VALUE_4')
        self.assertEqual(list(M), [M.VALUE_1, M.VALUE_2, M.VALUE_3, M.VALUE_4])
        self.assertTrue(M('value_4') is M.VALUE_4)
        self.assertTrue(M('VALUE_4') is M.VALUE_4)
        self.assertTrue(M.VALUE_4.name == 'VALUE_4')
        self.assertTrue(M.VALUE_4.value == 'value_4')

    def test_extend_intenum(self):
        class Index(IntEnum):
            DeviceType    = 0x1000
            ErrorRegister = 0x1001

        for name, value in (
                ('ControlWord', 0x6040),
                ('StatusWord', 0x6041),
                ('OperationMode', 0x6060),
                ):
            extend_enum(Index, name, value)

        self.assertEqual(len(Index), 5)
        self.assertEqual(list(Index), [Index.DeviceType, Index.ErrorRegister, Index.ControlWord, Index.StatusWord, Index.OperationMode])
        self.assertEqual(Index.DeviceType.value, 0x1000)
        self.assertEqual(Index.StatusWord.value, 0x6041)

    def test_extend_multi_init(self):
        try:
            from http import HTTPStatus
            length = len(HTTPStatus)
        except ImportError:
            class HTTPStatus(IntEnum):
                def __new__(cls, value, phrase, description):
                    obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
                    obj._value_ = value

                    obj.phrase = phrase
                    obj.description = description
                    return obj
                CONTINUE = 100, 'Continue', 'Request received, please continue'
                SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101, 'Switching Protocols', 'Switching to new protocol; obey Upgrade header'
                PROCESSING = 102, 'Processing', ''
            length = 3
        extend_enum(HTTPStatus, 'BAD_SPAM', 513, 'Too greasy', 'for a train')
        extend_enum(HTTPStatus, 'BAD_EGGS', 514, 'Too green', '')
        self.assertEqual(len(HTTPStatus), length+2)
        self.assertEqual(
                list(HTTPStatus)[-2:],
                [HTTPStatus.BAD_SPAM, HTTPStatus.BAD_EGGS],
                )
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_SPAM.value, 513)
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_SPAM.name, 'BAD_SPAM')
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_SPAM.phrase, 'Too greasy')
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_SPAM.description, 'for a train')
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_EGGS.value, 514)
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_EGGS.name, 'BAD_EGGS')
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_EGGS.phrase, 'Too green')
        self.assertEqual(HTTPStatus.BAD_EGGS.description, '')

    def test_extend_flag(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            BLACK = 0
            RED = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 4
        extend_enum(Color, 'MAGENTA')
        self.assertTrue(Color(8) is Color.MAGENTA)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.MAGENTA, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAGENTA.value, 8)
        extend_enum(Color, 'PURPLE', 11)
        self.assertTrue(Color(11) is Color.PURPLE)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.PURPLE, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.PURPLE.value, 11)
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Color, Flag))

    def test_extend_flag_backwards(self):
        class Color(Flag):
            BLACK = 0
            RED = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 4
        extend_enum(Color, 'PURPLE', 11)
        self.assertTrue(Color(11) is Color.PURPLE)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.PURPLE, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.PURPLE.value, 11)
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Color, Flag))
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'MAGENTA')
        self.assertTrue(Color(8) is Color.MAGENTA)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.MAGENTA, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAGENTA.value, 8)
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.name, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.value, 16)
        self.assertTrue(Color.mauve in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(16), Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(Color['mauve'], Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 5)

    def test_extend_intflag(self):
        class Color(IntFlag):
            BLACK = 0
            RED = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 4
        extend_enum(Color, 'MAGENTA')
        self.assertTrue(Color(8) is Color.MAGENTA)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.MAGENTA, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAGENTA.value, 8)
        extend_enum(Color, 'PURPLE', 11)
        self.assertTrue(Color(11) is Color.PURPLE)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.PURPLE, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.PURPLE.value, 11)
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Color, Flag))
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.name, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.value, 16)
        self.assertTrue(Color.mauve in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(16), Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(Color['mauve'], Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 5)

    def test_extend_intflag_backwards(self):
        class Color(IntFlag):
            BLACK = 0
            RED = 1
            GREEN = 2
            BLUE = 4
        extend_enum(Color, 'PURPLE', 11)
        self.assertTrue(Color(11) is Color.PURPLE)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.PURPLE, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.PURPLE.value, 11)
        self.assertTrue(issubclass(Color, Flag))
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'MAGENTA')
        self.assertTrue(Color(8) is Color.MAGENTA)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(Color.MAGENTA, Color))
        self.assertEqual(Color.MAGENTA.value, 8)
        #
        extend_enum(Color, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.name, 'mauve')
        self.assertEqual(Color.mauve.value, 16)
        self.assertTrue(Color.mauve in Color)
        self.assertEqual(Color(16), Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(Color['mauve'], Color.mauve)
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 5)

    def test_extend_strenum(self):
        class Color(StrEnum):
            RED = auto()
            GREEN = auto()
            BLUE = auto()
        extend_enum(Color, 'BLACK')
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLACK.name, 'BLACK')
        self.assertEqual(Color.BLACK.value, 'black')
        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 4)


class TestIssues(TestCase):

    def test_auto_multi_int(self):
        class Measurement(int, MultiValueEnum, AddValueEnum):
            _order_ = 'one two three'
            _start_ = 0
            one = "20110721"
            two = "20120911"
            three = "20110518"
        self.assertEqual([m.value for m in Measurement], [0, 1, 2])
        self.assertEqual([m.name for m in Measurement], ['one', 'two', 'three'])
        self.assertIs(Measurement('20110721'), Measurement.one)
        self.assertIs(Measurement(0), Measurement.one)
        self.assertIs(Measurement('20120911'), Measurement.two)
        self.assertIs(Measurement(1), Measurement.two)
        self.assertIs(Measurement('20110518'), Measurement.three)
        self.assertIs(Measurement(2), Measurement.three)

    def test_auto_kwds(self):
        class Item(Enum):
            _order_ = 'A B'
            A = auto(size=100, requirements={})
            B = auto(size=200, requirements={A: 1})
            #
            def __new__(cls, value, size, requirements):
                obj = object.__new__(cls)
                obj._value_ = value
                obj.size = size
                # fix requirements
                new_requirements = {}
                for k, v in requirements.items():
                    if isinstance(k, auto):
                        k = k.enum_member
                    new_requirements[k] = v
                obj.requirements = new_requirements
                return obj
        self.assertEqual((Item.A.value, Item.A.size, Item.A.requirements), (1, 100, {}))
        self.assertEqual((Item.B.value, Item.B.size, Item.B.requirements), (2, 200, {Item.A: 1}))

    def test_extend_flag(self):
        class FlagTest(Flag): # Or IntFlag
            NONE = 0
            LOW = 1
            MID = 2
        extend_enum(FlagTest, 'HIGH', 4)
        self.assertEqual(FlagTest.LOW | FlagTest.HIGH, FlagTest(5))
        self.assertEqual((FlagTest.LOW | FlagTest.HIGH).value, 5)
        
    def test_extend_unhashable(self):
        class TestEnum(Enum):
            ABC = {
                'id': 0,
                'value': 'abc'
                }
            DEF = {
                'id': 1,
                'value': 'def'
                }
        rand = uuid.uuid4().hex
        new_value = {
            'id': 99,
            'value': 'new',
            }
        extend_enum(TestEnum, rand, new_value)



# Test conversion of global constants
# These are unordered here on purpose to ensure that declaration order
# makes no difference.
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_D = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_C = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_B = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A = 5  # This one should sort first.
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_E = 5
CONVERT_TEST_NAME_F = 5
CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT = 4 # and this one
CONVERT_TEST_SIGIOT = 4
CONVERT_TEST_EIO = 7
CONVERT_TEST_EBUS = 7    # and this one

CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_D = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_C = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_B = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A = 5  # This one should sort first.
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_E = 5
CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_F = 5

# global names for StrEnum._convert_ test
CONVERT_STR_TEST_2 = 'goodbye'
CONVERT_STR_TEST_1 = 'hello'

# We also need values that cannot be compared:
UNCOMPARABLE_A = 5
UNCOMPARABLE_C = (9, 1)  # naming order is broken on purpose
UNCOMPARABLE_B = 'value'

COMPLEX_C = 1j
COMPLEX_A = 2j
COMPLEX_B = 3j


class TestConvert(TestCase):

    def tearDown(self):
        # Reset the module-level test variables to their original integer
        # values, otherwise the already created enum values get converted
        # instead.
        g = globals()
        for suffix in ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F']:
            g['CONVERT_TEST_NAME_%s' % suffix] = 5
            g['CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_%s' % suffix] = 5
        for suffix, value in (('A', 5), ('B', (9, 1)), ('C', 'value')):
            g['UNCOMPARABLE_%s' % suffix] = value
        for suffix, value in (('A', 2j), ('B', 3j), ('C', 1j)):
            g['COMPLEX_%s' % suffix] = value
        for suffix, value in (('1', 'hello'), ('2', 'goodbye')):
            g['CONVERT_STR_TEST_%s' % suffix] = value
        g['CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT'] = 4
        g['CONVERT_TEST_SIGIOT'] = 4
        g['CONVERT_TEST_EIO'] = 7
        g['CONVERT_TEST_EBUS'] = 7

    def test_convert_value_lookup_priority(self):
        test_type = IntEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))
        # We don't want the reverse lookup value to vary when there are
        # multiple possible names for a given value.  It should always
        # report the first lexigraphical name in that case.
        self.assertEqual(test_type(5).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A')
        self.assertEqual(test_type(4).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT')
        self.assertEqual(test_type(7).name, 'CONVERT_TEST_EBUS')
        self.assertEqual(
                list(test_type),
                [
                    test_type.CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT,
                    test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A,
                    test_type.CONVERT_TEST_EBUS,
                    ],
                )

    def test_convert_int(self):
        test_type = IntEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_TEST_'))
        # Ensure that test_type has all of the desired names and values.
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_F,
                         test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_B, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_C, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_D, 5)
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_TEST_NAME_E, 5)
        # Ensure that test_type only picked up names matching the filter.
        int_dir = dir(int) + [
                'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_A', 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_B', 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_C',
                'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_D', 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_E', 'CONVERT_TEST_NAME_F',
                'CONVERT_TEST_SIGABRT', 'CONVERT_TEST_SIGIOT',
                'CONVERT_TEST_EIO', 'CONVERT_TEST_EBUS',
                ]
        extra = [name for name in dir(test_type) if name not in enum_dir(test_type)]
        missing = [name for name in enum_dir(test_type) if name not in dir(test_type)]
        self.assertEqual(
                extra + missing,
                [],
                msg='extra names: %r;  missing names: %r' % (extra, missing),
                )

    @unittest.skipUnless(PY3, 'everything is comparable on Python 2')
    def test_convert_uncomparable(self):
        uncomp = Enum._convert_(
                'Uncomparable',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('UNCOMPARABLE_'))
        # Should be ordered by `name` only:
        self.assertEqual(
            list(uncomp),
            [uncomp.UNCOMPARABLE_A, uncomp.UNCOMPARABLE_B, uncomp.UNCOMPARABLE_C],
            list(uncomp),
            )

    @unittest.skipUnless(PY3, 'everything is comparable on Python 2')
    def test_convert_complex(self):
        uncomp = Enum._convert_(
            'Uncomparable',
            MODULE,
            filter=lambda x: x.startswith('COMPLEX_'))
        # Should be ordered by `name` only:
        self.assertEqual(
            list(uncomp),
            [uncomp.COMPLEX_A, uncomp.COMPLEX_B, uncomp.COMPLEX_C],
            )

    def test_convert_str(self):
        test_type = StrEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_STR_'),
                as_global=True)
        # Ensure that test_type has all of the desired names and values.
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1, 'hello')
        self.assertEqual(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_2, 'goodbye')
        # Ensure that test_type only picked up names matching the filter.
        extra = [name for name in dir(test_type) if name not in enum_dir(test_type)]
        missing = [name for name in enum_dir(test_type) if name not in dir(test_type)]
        self.assertEqual(
                extra + missing,
                [],
                msg='extra names: %r;  missing names: %r' % (extra, missing),
                )
        self.assertEqual(repr(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1), '%s.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1' % SHORT_MODULE)
        self.assertEqual(str(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_2), 'goodbye')
        self.assertEqual(format(test_type.CONVERT_STR_TEST_1), 'hello')

    def test_convert_repr_and_str(self):
        test_type = IntEnum._convert_(
                'UnittestConvert',
                MODULE,
                filter=lambda x: x.startswith('CONVERT_STRING_TEST_'),
                as_global=True)
        self.assertEqual(repr(test_type.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A), '%s.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A' % SHORT_MODULE)
        self.assertEqual(str(test_type.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A), '5')
        self.assertEqual(format(test_type.CONVERT_STRING_TEST_NAME_A), '5')

# helpers

def enum_dir(cls):
        interesting = set(cls._member_names_ + [
                    '__class__', '__contains__', '__doc__', '__getitem__',
                    '__iter__', '__len__', '__members__', '__module__',
                    '__name__',
                    ])
        if cls._new_member_ is not object.__new__:
            interesting.add('__new__')
        if cls.__init_subclass__ is not Enum.__init_subclass__:
            interesting.add('__init_subclass__')
        if hasattr(object, '__qualname__'):
            interesting.add('__qualname__')
        for method in ('__init__', '__format__', '__repr__', '__str__'):
            if getattr(cls, method) not in (getattr(Enum, method), getattr(Flag, method)):
                interesting.add(method)
        if cls._member_type_ is object:
            return sorted(interesting)
        else:
            # return whatever mixed-in data type has
            return sorted(set(dir(cls._member_type_)) | interesting)

def member_dir(member):
    if member.__class__._member_type_ is object:
        allowed = set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__hash__', '__module__', 'name', 'value'])
    else:
        allowed = set(dir(member))
    for cls in member.__class__.mro():
        for name, obj in cls.__dict__.items():
            if name[0] == '_':
                continue
            if isinstance(obj, enum.property):
                if obj.fget is not None or name not in member._member_map_:
                    allowed.add(name)
                else:
                    allowed.discard(name)
            else:
                allowed.add(name)
    return sorted(allowed)



if __name__ == '__main__':
    tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
    try:
        if PY3:
            test_v3.tempdir = tempdir
        test = unittest.main(exit=False)
        sys.stdout.flush()
        for name, reason in test.result.skipped:
            print("%s: %s" % (name, reason))
    finally:
        shutil.rmtree(tempdir, True)
        sys.exit(len(test.result.errors or test.result.failures) and 1 or 0)

